Sound-alike words, tested

SUMMARYSound-alike words, tested (agent report, Nov 7, 2026; Tito: "languages / sound a like words"). Dataset sound_alikes.csv: 79 pairs, each run through five named tests (T1 meaning match, T2 regular sound correspondences, T3 dates attested, T4 chance, T5 loan direction, i.e. after 1492?): Record 32, Disputed 38, Open 7, Pattern 2; report agent-reports/sound-alikes.md. INSIDE THE AMERICAS, Record: cacao, Mixe-Zoque kakawa to Maya kakaw (in glyphs) and Nahuatl cacahuatl, crossing language families (direction argued: Dakin & Wichmann 2000 vs Kaufman & Justeson 2007); Mixe-Zoque po:m to Mayan pom, "copal incense," in the San Bartolo glyphs about the 1st century BCE; shared Mesoamerican compounds like "bird-stone" for egg (Campbell, Kaufman & Smith-Stark 1986); Mobilian Jargon matching Choctaw, Chickasaw and Alabama (oke/oka, "water"); Garifuna men's words Carib and women's words Arawakan. ACROSS THE OCEAN: Polynesian kumara and Quechua/Aymara kumar, "sweet potato," backed by plant genetics (P835), Disputed leaning Record because the word forms are irregular, the best sea-crossing word; Ket (Siberia) and Na-Dene (Navajo), Vajda 2008, Pattern, not accepted by most linguists. AFRICA TO THE AMERICAS AFTER 1492, Record: goober (Kikongo nguba), gumbo, yam. WIENER AND THE CLAIMS: tabaco and Arabic ṭubbāq pass meaning and date (Iberian tabaco-type herb names from 1410) but fail sound patterns, Disputed, needs deep research; tabagie and Wolof tabaski, first recorded 1609, Open, probably post-1492. GUANÍN: the gold-copper alloy was in the Caribbean from the 1st century CE (fails the Mande date test) and no Mande word matches; but Las Casas's record of a 1498 account of "black people" carrying guanín-tipped spears is real, Open. Named fails (as a single pair each, no sound law): tequina/tigi, pochteca, maxtlatl; Mexica/Mecca and morro/moro (sound mismatch); teotl/theos and runa (chance); Maya/māyā (meaning and sound). RULE 14: the mainstream etymologies of Mexica, Maya, Itzamna and "America" are themselves uncertain; Ayiti as "land of mountains" is rarely tied to a primary chronicler (needs deep research). Flagged rows from general knowledge, not opened pages: some Choctaw forms, barbe-à-queue, Dalby's Wolof "OK," Winters' date; Wiener vol. 2 read only in part, vol. 3 pairs Open

PATTERNthe strongest word evidence shows the land's languages trading words with each other for thousands of years, plus one strong Pacific crossing; most single-word "Old World" matches fail the sound test, while the Las Casas "black people with guanín" record stands as a real lead.