Proof the land's peoples traveled the Americas and the sea

SUMMARYProof the land's peoples traveled the Americas and the sea (agent report, Nov 7, 2026; Tito: "Proof of travel across the Americas by indigenes"). Dataset indigenous_travel.csv: 101 routes with from/to coordinates (approximate centers), dates (negative = BCE), what moved, the proof method, and a source each (86 Record, 12 Open, 3 Disputed); report agent-reports/indigenous-travel.md. LONGEST AND BEST PROVEN, Record: (1) Yellowstone obsidian (Obsidian Cliff, Bear Gulch) to the Ohio Hopewell mounds (Mound City, Hopewell, Seip) and Illinois, about 2,400 km, by XRF and neutron activation, dated 78 BCE–347 CE. (2) Pachuca green obsidian from Hidalgo, Mexico, to Spiro, Oklahoma, about 1,900 km (EDXRF, Barker et al. 2002): chemical proof of a Mexico-to-Mississippian object. (3) Guatemala jadeite to Wadadli (Antigua), about 2,900 km by sea, around 250–500 CE. (4) The sweet potato from Peru/Ecuador to Eastern Polynesia and then Aotearoa (herbarium DNA incl. Cook's 1769 samples; Roullier 2013), about 1000–1250 CE. (5) Native American DNA in Eastern Polynesia, about 1200 CE, closest to modern Colombians (Ioannidis 2020, Nature); which side sailed is Open. (6) The canoe migration Orinoco to Iere (Trinidad) to Boriken, 2,500–3,000 years ago (ancient DNA from 263 people; Fernandes 2021); genetic cousins between the Lucayan Islands and Ayiti; Lucayan pottery chemically tied to northwest Ayiti. (7) Chaco Canyon: cacao in cylinder jars (1000–1125), scarlet macaws (900–1200), turquoise from Nevada, Colorado and California by isotopes. (8) West Mexican copper bells in Belize (lead isotopes, 171 objects; Hosler 1996); Ecuadorian metalworking appears in West Mexico about 700 CE while skipping Central America; balsa rafts could carry 10–30 tonnes (the sea crossing itself Open, no raft found). (9) Galena from the Upper Mississippi to Poverty Point, about 1700–1100 BCE, with more galena there than near the mines (deliberate trade). (10) Lake Superior copper worked from about 8,500 years ago; most Ohio Hopewell copper from Lake Superior (NPS); Gulf whelk shell in Ohio and 32,789 whelk beads in one Cahokia cache; Knife River flint about 1,000 miles to Ohio; dentalium from Vancouver Island to the Missouri villages. (11) Maize left Mexico half-domesticated and was finished in the southwest Amazon about 6,500 years ago; in Arizona with irrigation canals by about 2100 BCE. ROADS, Record: Qhapaq Ñan (about 30,000 km), the 100-km Cobá–Yaxuna sacbe, the Natchez Trace, the Great Trading Path. RULE 14, the status quo tested: the mainstream view that Aztec and Mixtec turquoise came from the US Southwest FAILED a lead/strontium isotope test (Thibodeau 2018); the Valdivia–Jomon pottery link failed when older local pottery turned up in Ecuador and Colombia. Trade languages: Mobilian (documented from 1700) and Chinook Jargon (1778–1805), pre-contact age Disputed

OPENPoverty Point copper; Cahokia and Etowah copper sources; jadeite in Boriken and Vieques; Florida–Cuba canoe contact before 1513; archaic arrival in Cuba from Central America; the Kalinago route

PATTERNthe land was one connected world, mountain to mound to island to ocean, proven by lab chemistry, not just stories.