Blood, labels and recognition: deeper on P823

SUMMARYBlood, labels and recognition: deeper on P823 (Nov 7, 2026; Tito: "Let's dig deeper"). (1) "TRIRACIAL ISOLATES," Record: demographer Calvin Beale coined the term in 1957 for more than 300 communities of Native, Black and white ancestry in the eastern US (also called "little races," "racial islands," "in-between people"); the label peaked in research in the 1960s–70s. (2) BLOOD AGAINST RECOGNITION, Record: William S. Pollitzer took blood samples in 1958 with Chernoff from a North Carolina community "whose members call themselves Indian" ("Analysis of a Tri-Racial Isolate," Human Biology 36:4, 1964). In 1973, as the Lumbee pressed for federal recognition, the press ran his findings as "Researchers Say Lumbee Bloodlines Diluted" (Greensboro Record, p. A9) and reported "more Negro and white ancestry than Indian." Participants had been told it was a health study, not an identity study (Edinburgh Companion to the Politics of American Health). Pollitzer himself cautioned that race has no "fixed and rigid definition." Pattern: paper genocide moved from the rolls (Plecker, P012) into the blood lab; the "control" samples decided who counted as Indian (Rule 14; P823 Coop). The same scientist wrote The Gullah People and Their African Heritage, the Sea Islands era of the Sapelo D1 figure (26%). (3) POPULATION Y, Record: Skoglund, Reich et al., Nature (July 21, 2015): the Amazon's Suruí, Karitiana and Xavante carry an Australasian-linked signal (about 2% of ancestry today; Population Y's original share could have been far higher), matching Indigenous Australians, New Guineans and Andaman Islanders. Skoglund: "an unknown group that doesn't exist anymore." (4) THE TEST THAT JOINS THEM, Open: Tf D1 is common in Australia and New Guinea, the same peoples Population Y matches, while Kirk (1968) found most Native American D variants to be DChi. The 1960s–70s Neel and Salzano serum-protein work on the Xavante and other Brazilian nations should show whether those Amazonian carriers of the Population Y signal have D1 or DChi. Needs those full texts.