Captive routes across the Americas: the first WW9 Atlas layer
Lens: our readingOpen: not yet proven
Year: 1495 · Places: Virginia, Louisiana, Northeast, Ayiti, Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa
SUMMARYCaptive routes across the Americas: the first WW9 Atlas layer (agent report, Nov 6, 2026; ideas log #76). Dataset captive_routes.csv: 113 movements with from/to coordinates and an opened source URL each (91 Record, 8 Disputed, 14 Open); notes in agent-reports/captive-routes.md. Estimates are marked "(est.)". Two rows are totals (Gallay; about 500 sent to Ayiti), so don't add them to the single-event rows; a few are refugee moves, not sales (Calusa to Havana 1711; mission people to Cuba 1763). BIGGEST FLOWS: Charles Town exports 1670–1715, 24,000–51,000 (Gallay, est.), to Barbados, Jamaica and Bermuda and north to Boston, Newport, Philadelphia, New Jersey and Virginia (those colonies' import bans of 1706–1714 confirm the trade). Lucayans taken to Ayiti and the Cubagua pearl beds 1509–1513, up to 40,000 (est.); by 1520 only 11 were found in the islands. Nicaragua to Panamá and Peru: 200,000–500,000 in older estimates against 601 in the surviving 1539–43 ship records (Disputed). New France panis: perhaps 10,000 over a century (Rushforth). California 1850–1863: up to 10,000, mostly children (est.). The Apalachee raids of 1704: 2,000–4,000 (Gallay) against Moore's claim of 4,300+ (Disputed). About 1,000 Tuscarora (1711–15); about 1,000 Meskwaki at Detroit (1712–16); 852 Mexicans in Comanche raids (1831–48). LOUISIANA TO AYITI, Record: the Natchez on La Vénus (1731), 291 boarded and 160 arrived alive at Cap-Français, plus a smaller group on Le Gironde. NEW ENGLAND: 178–200 Wampanoag sent to Cádiz, 188 sold by Plymouth, about 200 seized at Cocheco, and "hundreds" sent to Jamaica, Barbados, Bermuda, the Azores and Tangier; 17 Pequot sold at Providence Island (1637). The 1495 Taíno shipment from Ayiti: about 550 vs 150 aboard (Disputed)
OPENAntigua as a destination; Apache deportations to Havana (counts behind a paywall); panis shipments to the Caribbean; Amazon resgate totals; the bandeirante 60,000–100,000 figure (no citation trail)
LENSthe land's people were shipped out to the same islands the captives from Africa were shipped into; the islands' "Black" populations hold this Indigenous line too (house style: Indigenous families papered as Black).