The land's wars were advanced, not "primitive"

SUMMARYThe land's wars were advanced, not "primitive" (Nov 6, 2026). User Lens: the American wars were advanced. Record: Mexica macuahuitl (obsidian-edged; Spanish witnesses say it took a horse's head) and ichcahuipilli cotton armor, which Spanish soldiers adopted. Obsidian edges (about 3 nm) are sharper than steel. Atlatl darts pierced armor. Inka Qhapaq Ñan (about 30,000 km; UNESCO 2014), chaski relay runners and qollqa storehouses. Maya fortifications (Becan; LiDAR 2018). Taíno and Kalinago war canoes and poisoned arrows. AYITI: Enriquillo (Guarocuya) held the Bahoruco about 14 years and forced Spain's peace of 1533. Mapuche: Lautaro's victory at Tucapel (1553, Valdivia killed); Spain recognized the Biobío border (Quillín 1641); about 300 years unconquered. Pontiac's coordinated war took about 8 British forts (1763). St. Clair's defeat (Nov 4, 1791): about 630 US soldiers killed, about a quarter of the US Army. The Comanche horse empire (Hämäläinen). Second Seminole War: about $20–40M and about 1,500 US dead; no surrender. Pattern: engineering, logistics, coordinated strategy and treaties won from empires. "Primitive" is the colonizer's word (house rule). Added 11 rows to oldtech (108).