More on armed Africans and the divide-and-rule record

SUMMARYMore on armed Africans and the divide-and-rule record (Nov 6, 2026). New dataset chronoseer/datasets/armed_against.json/csv (16 rows). Record: Sebastián Toral (Yucatán, Montejo); Juan Valiente (Chile; killed at Tucapel 1553); Esteban (killed at Hawikuh 1539). Record (the plan was division): Louisiana, Dec 1729. After the Natchez revolt, Governor Périer sent 80 held Africans under Louis Tixerant, promised freedom, against the Chaouacha: at least 7 men killed, women and children taken; the French feared a joint Native and African revolt. South Carolina: official policy under Gov. James Glen and others to foster an "aversion" between the nations and Black people so they would not ally (Minges 2003; primary letter OPEN). Treaties bound nations to return runaways (Cherokee 1730; Creek, Treaty of New York 1790). Record (US Army): Buffalo Soldiers in the Indian Wars (about 18 Medals of Honor, verify). Black Seminole Scouts (1870–1914), 4 Medals of Honor, land promises unmet. 1st Kansas Colored at Honey Springs (1863) against Confederate units of the nations. Black regiments in the Philippines, where Cpl. David Fagen crossed to the Filipinos (1899). Other side: Fort Mose (1738); the Negro Fort (1816); Black Seminoles in the Seminole Wars; Gen. Jesup (1836): "a negro, not an Indian war." Pattern: the empires set the papered people and the nations against each other on purpose, by order, policy and treaty. Where they allied, the empire's own words show fear (Périer, Glen, Jesup).