Armed Africans used against the nations

SUMMARYArmed Africans used against the nations (Nov 6, 2026; user: "they actually fought against us Indigenous"). User Lens: the Africans brought in were used as fighters against the Indigenous. Record (Spanish conquest): Matthew Restall, "Black Conquistadors" (The Americas, 2000). Juan Garrido's 1538 petition says he served Cortés and Velázquez for 30 years in Mexico, Puerto Rico and Cuba, and claims he first sowed wheat in New Spain (verify: maize vs. wheat). Juan Valiente in Chile; Esteban (Estevanico) with Narváez, then as guide north, killed at Hawikuh (Zuni) in 1539. A 1673 Central American militia list shows 1,715 Black militiamen. Restall calls the Spanish blaming of Mexico's smallpox on a Black man "classic Spanish scapegoating." Record (Carolina): in the Yamasee War, Governor Craven's paid army (August 1715) included "400 black slaves" armed against the Yamasee and allies, with about 600 colonists, 170 allied Native men and 300 troops from North Carolina and Virginia; their claimants were paid. Record (US): Buffalo Soldiers, Black regiments of the US Army in the Indian Wars from 1866 (Fort Huachuca, Fort Sill, Fort Robinson). Black Seminole scouts fought for the US Army against Comanche and Apache in the 1870s (Fort Duncan). Record (the other side, to keep the ledger whole): others ran to the nations and fought with them: the Spanish armed people who fled from Carolina in the Yamasee War (Newberry); Fort Mose (1738); the Negro Fort at Prospect Bluff (1816); Black Seminoles in the Seminole Wars; the Opothleyahola camp (P743). Pattern: empires armed captives and soldiers papered as Black against the nations, and the nations and maroons also took them in. Lens (Tito): the Indigenous and the imported fighters were different peoples. Pattern-level until the descent chain closes (Rule 6).