Radiation, resources and the aboriginal Indians of America (labeled Negro/colored)

SUMMARYRadiation, resources and the aboriginal Indians of America (labeled Negro/colored) (Nov 6, 2026). User Lens: the aboriginal Indians of America are the people papered as "Negro." Record: Ebb Cade, 53, a "colored" cement worker at Oak Ridge, broke bones in a car crash (Mar 23, 1945). His fractures were left untreated 20 days while he became the first person injected with plutonium (from Apr 10, 1945), without his knowledge or consent. Doctors pulled 15 of his teeth and took bone samples; he left the hospital on his own and died in Greensboro, NC, in 1953 (ACHRE 1995). Record: Cincinnati whole-body radiation experiments (Eugene Saenger, 1960–71). 88 poor cancer patients, 60% of them papered as Black; Pentagon-funded, which patients weren't told; about 20,000 x-rays' worth of radiation in about an hour; 21 died within a month; families won a $3.6M settlement (1999). Record: in the Manhattan Project, Oak Ridge's "colored" workers lived in hutments behind a 5-foot barbed-wire fence. Women lived in "the Pen" (guards, 10 p.m. curfew); married couples were split up; hutments lasted until 1950 for them, 1945 for whites. Hanford: about 15,000 arrived (1943–45), held to 10–20% of the workforce. Record: scientists in the work: J. Ernest Wilkins Jr. and Ralph Gardner-Chavis (with Fermi, plutonium), Jasper Jeffries, Benjamin F. Scott, Moddie Taylor (Chicago Met Lab); Wilkins and Jeffries signed the Szilard Petition against using the bomb on cities. Record (resources held): Sarah Rector, listed as a Creek Freedman on the Dawes Rolls, got 159 acres of "worthless" Glenpool land. Oil came in 1913 (about 2,500 barrels a day, part of the Cushing field, leased to Standard Oil). The state forced a white guardian; the legislature tried to declare her "white"; the Chicago Defender exposed mismanagement (1914); Du Bois and Booker T. Washington stepped in. Pattern: the "worthless" land given to the papered people held the treasure, then guardians took control (compare the Osage). Record (ancient trade of the mound builders): the Hopewell exchange network moved Lake Superior copper, Gulf Coast shells, Appalachian mica, galena and Yellowstone-area obsidian across the continent (c. 200 BCE–500 CE)

OPENfreedmen and Black-owned land over uranium, coal or oil (Oklahoma, the Carolinas, Virginia), lost through guardians, tax sales and partition (heirs' property); needs deep research.