61.3% Native mothers' line: "the official story was wrong" (Puerto Rico; study released 2003, published 2005)
Record: the document says itPattern: documents line upLens: our readingOpen: not yet proven
Year: 2003 · Places: Caribbean, Africa
SUMMARY61.3% Native mothers' line: "the official story was wrong" (Puerto Rico; study released 2003, published 2005) [Connections: Latin America & Caribbean, Nov 5, 2026]
RECORDJuan Carlos Martínez-Cruzado and colleagues typed 800 mitochondrial DNAs chosen to represent Puerto Rico. Maternal ancestry: 61.3% Amerindian, 27.2% sub-Saharan African, 11.5% West Eurasian; Amerindian lineages were more common west of 66°16′ W, African lineages east of it; haplogroup A was 52.4% of the Amerindian samples (abstract as reported). To Indian Country Today he said: "the people were not extinguished" and "The DNA story shows that the official story was wrong." DISPUTED/Record as found: mtDNA traces only the mother's line; a regional study cited by Wikipedia found 61% Indigenous mtDNA but 0% Indigenous Y-chromosome in eastern Puerto Rico, which points to Native women and non-Native men, not whole surviving communities
PATTERNThe genetic record contradicts the extinction story the books taught
LENS (WW9)The blood kept the record the census erased
OPENRead the full paper (American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2005) for sampling method
SOURCEICT, "Indigenous Puerto Rico: DNA evidence upsets established history"; abstract as posted, Dienekes blog. Primary: Martínez-Cruzado et al., "Reconstructing the population history of Puerto Rico by means of mtDNA phylogeographic analysis," Am J Phys Anthropol (2005).