"Corporational slavery": the institutions that held, insured, financed and sold people

SUMMARY"Corporational slavery": the institutions that held, insured, financed and sold people (Nov 5, 2026). Tito: "So it wasn't private, it was all institutional. Corporational slavery."
RECORD, chartered companies: the Royal African Company (chartered 1660/1672 under the Stuarts, the Duke of York at its head), the Dutch West India Company, and Britain's South Sea Company (the asiento contract, 1713) were corporations that traded captives as a business.
RECORD, a church corporation: the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (Church of England) owned the Codrington plantations in Barbados from 1710 and branded enslaved people with the word "SOCIETY" (verify the branding source before print).
RECORD, banks and insurers: JPMorgan Chase disclosed in 2005 that two predecessor banks in Louisiana (Citizens Bank and Canal Bank) accepted about 13,000 enslaved people as loan collateral and took ownership of about 1,250 when loans defaulted, and apologized. Wachovia (2005) disclosed predecessor ties. Aetna (2000) and New York Life acknowledged writing life-insurance policies on enslaved people, payable to enslavers.
RECORD, universities: the Maryland Jesuits sold 272 people in 1838 to keep Georgetown solvent (Georgetown apology, 2017); Brown (2006), Harvard (2022) and others published reports on their ties.
RECORD, governments and railroads: federal pay records for the US Capitol list "Negro hire" payments to owners; Southern states, cities and railroad companies owned or leased enslaved workers for public works and track building.
RECORD, kept for honesty: most enslaved people were held by private individuals: the 1860 census counted about 393,975 slaveholders. The PATTERN is that private holding ran on institutions: chartered companies, laws and courts, banks, insurers, churches, universities and governments

LENS (WW9)corporational slavery: the system was institutional from the charter to the insurance policy

OPENcompany-by-company receipts for the railroads (which lines owned or leased people, and their ledgers); the full list of banks and insurers. Needs deep research.