"Mulatto King, his x mark": a chief named by color on a US treaty (Apalachicola River, 1818–1833)
Record: the document says itPattern: documents line upLens: our readingOpen: not yet proven
Year: 1818 · Places: Florida, Africa
SUMMARY"Mulatto King, his x mark": a chief named by color on a US treaty (Apalachicola River, 1818–1833) [Connections: Tallahassee & Orlando, Nov 5, 2026]
RECORD"Mulatto King" signed the 1823 Moultrie Creek treaty ("Mulatto King, his x mark"), and the Additional Article sets aside land "For Mulatto King and Emathlochee, a reservation, commencing on the Apalachicola." His own name is given as Vacapasacy. Historian Mark Boyd (1958) equates him with the "Black King" listed as a chief of Tamatles in Hugh Young's 1818 report. He met Andrew Jackson in 1821 with John Blunt and Neamathla. In 1833 the US negotiated a separate treaty with him for removal west; in 1839, 300 "Apalachicolas" were shipped west from Pensacola
PATTERNA Native town leader was entered in US treaty records under a racial label ("Mulatto," and in 1818 "Black"), the same label used for people of mixed African descent
LENS (WW9)The government wrote his color into his name and still signed him as a chief: renamed on paper, born Aboriginal
OPENWhy he was called Mulatto King is not on the page; his ancestry needs deep research (Boyd 1958; Hugh Young 1818)
SOURCEFlorida Memory, Treaty of Moultrie Creek excerpt, 7 Stat. 226; Apalachicola band (Wikipedia), citing Boyd (1958), 226.