Muscogee Supreme Court 2025: "by blood" void ab initio (Okmulgee, July 23, 2025)
Record: the document says itPattern: documents line upLens: our readingOpen: not yet proven
Year: 2025 · Places: Florida, Oklahoma & the Five Tribes
SUMMARYMuscogee Supreme Court 2025: "by blood" void ab initio (Okmulgee, July 23, 2025) [Connections: Five Tribes, Florida & maroons, Nov 5, 2026]
RECORDThe Muscogee Nation Supreme Court ruled the "by-blood" requirement unlawful under the Treaty of 1866 and directed the Citizenship Board to "apply the Treaty of 1866 and issue citizenship to the Respondents" (Grayson and Kennedy). In denying rehearing it found "that reference to descendants in the treaty is the linchpin" and that "the 'by blood' language in Article III, Section 2 of the nation's constitution must be found void ab initio," while saying the ruling "clearly does not extend to issues related to blood quantum."
PATTERNsecond of the Five Tribes (after Cherokee) to have its own court restore Freedmen citizenship
LENS (WW9)the nation's court read "descendants" as meaning descendants
OPENget the opinion itself and the vote of the justices