Waccamaw Siouan: "white and all other" (Columbus/Bladen counties, NC, 1835–1971)
Record: the document says itPattern: documents line upLens: our readingOpen: not yet proven
Year: 1835 · Places: Carolinas
SUMMARYWaccamaw Siouan: "white and all other" (Columbus/Bladen counties, NC, 1835–1971) [Connections: Carolinas, Nov 5, 2026]
RECORDWikipedia: local whites "tended to classify them simply as black, rather than recognizing their cultural identification as Indian." The 1835 law stripped them of the vote and militia rights alongside free people of color. Reconstruction-era public schools "had only two classifications: white and all other." The Doe Head School (founded 1885, Buckhead community) was open only sporadically and closed in 1921; the first county-supported tribal school, Wide Awake, opened in 1933. The state recognized "the Waccamaw Siouan Tribe of North Carolina" in a law effective July 20, 1971. A federal recognition bill in 1948 failed
PATTERNA two-box school system sent Indian children into the "all other" box with Black children until the community built its own schools
LENS (WW9)"All other" was the box where the Aboriginal were placed
OPENGet census labels for Buckhead families (1850–1930) and the 1948 bill number