After the freedom: who was expelled and who emigrated from the Russian Empire

SUMMARYAfter the freedom: who was expelled and who emigrated from the Russian Empire (Nov 4, 2026). Tito: "freed, but were they expelled or immigrated?"
RECORD, both: the 1861 emancipation left many former serfs owing redemption payments for land, and large numbers moved: inside the empire, the Stolypin resettlement (1906–1914) moved about 3 million peasants east to Siberia; outside it, roughly 3 million people emigrated from the Russian Empire to the United States between about 1880 and 1914 (Jews, Poles, Lithuanians, Ukrainians, Finns, Volga Germans and others; figures vary by source).
RECORD, expulsions and forced moves: the Circassian expulsion (1860s), when Russia drove hundreds of thousands of Circassians from the Caucasus into the Ottoman Empire, with mass deaths; after Alexander II's assassination (1881), pogroms and the May Laws (1882) restricted Jewish life in the Pale of Settlement, and Jews were expelled from Moscow (1891). Religious dissenters left too: the Doukhobors to Canada (1899, helped by Tolstoy and the Quakers), and the Molokans to California.
RECORD, the US timing: Ellis Island opened in 1892; the Homestead Act (1862) offered land in the West; Wounded Knee (1890) marked the end of the Indian wars

PATTERNfreedom in the Russian Empire was followed by expulsion, pressure and mass emigration, and the largest wave reached America just as the last nations were pushed onto reservations and the western land was opened

LENS (WW9)"the colonizers came in the 1800s": the great European waves arrived after 1880. Most arrivals were themselves pushed out by empires; name the empires, the laws and the land offices as the actors, never the peoples

OPENwhere the post-1880 arrivals settled, matched against reservation and homestead maps. Needs deep research.