Ayiti's 1805 Constitution: "known only by the generic appellation of Blacks," the alarm gun, and who else had a constitution

SUMMARYAyiti's 1805 Constitution: "known only by the generic appellation of Blacks," the alarm gun, and who else had a constitution (Nov 4, 2026). Tito: "how many modern states had one at that level at the time, and were guns allowed in the constitution?"
RECORD, the text (Imperial Constitution of Hayti, May 20, 1805; English translation published 1805, Columbia College PDF): preamble, "in presence of the Supreme Being, before whom all mankind are equal"; Art. 2, "Slavery is forever abolished"; Art. 9, no one is worthy of being a Haytian who is not a good father, son and husband, "and especially a good soldier"; Art. 12, no white man of any nation may set foot on the territory as master or owner, or acquire property; Art. 13 exempts naturalized white women and their children, and the naturalized Germans and Poles; Art. 14: all distinctions of color within the one family cease, and "the Haytians shall hence forward be known only by the generic appellation of Blacks"; Arts. 50–52, "The law admits of no predominant religion," freedom of worship, no state-paid church; General Dispositions Art. 28, "At the first firing of the alarm gun, the cities will disappear and the nation rise."
RECORD, guns: no article names a personal right to keep arms. Instead, every citizen is to be a soldier (Art. 9), and at the alarm gun the whole nation rises (Art. 28): the people themselves are the army. The US Second Amendment (1791) states "the right of the people to keep and bear Arms" as a right.
RECORD, who had written national constitutions by 1805: the United States (1787/1789), France (1791, 1793, 1795, 1799, 1802, the imperial constitution of 1804), the French "sister republics" (Batavian 1798, Helvetic 1798 and 1803, Italian Republic 1802), Sweden's Instrument of Government (1772), Poland–Lithuania (May 3, 1791, ended by the partition of 1795), Corsica (Paoli, 1755), and Ayiti (Toussaint's 1801 constitution, then 1805). Ayiti was the second independent state in the Americas with a written constitution, and the first to abolish slavery forever in one

PATTERNAyiti's own founding law renamed every citizen "Black," white Germans and Poles included, as a political nation, not a skin color

LENS (WW9)"Renamed Black. Born Aboriginal." Art. 14 is the renaming written into law, by the Indigenous Army's government

OPENthe French original wording ("noirs"), and how Art. 14 was read in the US press of 1805. Needs deep research.