Spirit power in war, round two: the Pueblo spirits, Moctezuma's sorcerers, the dancing huacas, the Malê amulets

SUMMARYSpirit power in war, round two: the Pueblo spirits, Moctezuma's sorcerers, the dancing huacas, the Malê amulets (Nov 3, 2026). Extends P204.
TESTIMONY, the Pueblo Revolt (1680): Pedro Naranjo of San Felipe Pueblo, "of the Queres nation," sworn declaration Dec 19, 1681: three spirits, Caudi, Tilini and Tleume, appeared to Popé in an estufa (kiva) at Taos and "emit fire from all the extremities of their bodies"; they said they were going "underground to the lake of Copala"; messengers carried a maguey cord with knots "which would signify the number of days" to the rising, each pueblo untying one knot to agree; afterward the people broke the bells and crosses and washed in the rivers with amole root "to take away their baptismal names." The Pueblos drove the Spanish out of New Mexico for 12 years.
NAHUA ACCOUNT, Florentine Codex, Book 12, ch. 13 (Sahagún's Nahua informants): Moctezuma sent wizards and priests to bewitch the Spaniards; on the road a drunk man stopped them, rebuked Moctezuma, and told them to look toward Mexico, where "What is to happen, has already happened!"; they saw Tenochtitlan burning; they said it was the young Tezcatlipoca, and he vanished. They turned back.
RECORD, Taki Onqoy, Peru (about 1564–1572): in Huamanga (Ayacucho) and across the Andes, the huacas (sacred powers of the land) entered people, who trembled, danced and spoke for them: the huacas would return and defeat the Spanish God and the invaders; reject everything Spanish. Suppressed by the Crown's visitador Cristóbal de Albornoz (leaders forced to renounce, women locked in convents, kurakas fined); the hope of a reconquest lived on.
RECORD, the Malê rising, Salvador, Brazil (Jan 25, 1835, Ramadan): 600+ fighters, mostly African Muslims; they carried amulets: Qur'an verses and prayers on paper sewn into leather pouches, made by the álufas (teachers), worn by Muslims and non-Muslims for protection; white abadá robes, which police called "war garments," and identifying rings. About 80 rebels killed; 200 leaders deported to the Bight of Benin

PATTERNfrom the Rio Grande (1680) to Mexico (1519) to the Andes (1560s) to Brazil (1835), the people fought with the spirit world in front: spirits from the underground lake, a god's vision, the land's own powers rising, written protection. The colonizer's answer was always the same: crush the priests, ban the practice, convert by force

LENS (WW9)"the huacas will return" and "the spirits went underground to the lake" are the same promise: the land's powers were hidden, not destroyed. OPEN, needs deep research: Albornoz's own Informaciones (1570–1584); the Malê amulet texts in the Bahia archives; Tippecanoe eyewitnesses; Pontiac's 1763 speech (the Pontiac manuscript).