Carthage, Cartagena, Phoenix: the Phoenicians of America

SUMMARYCarthage, Cartagena, Phoenix: the Phoenicians of America (Nov 3, 2026).
RECORD, the name chain: "Carthage" is Phoenician Qart-hadasht, "New City." Carthaginian Hasdrubal founded a second New City in Spain about 227 BC (Carthago Nova, now Cartagena). Pedro de Heredia founded Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, in 1533, named after the Spanish one. So the Phoenician "New City" name runs Carthage, then Spain, then the Americas

RECORDPuerto Hormiga, right by Cartagena de Indias, holds some of the oldest pottery in the Americas (about 3100 BC). The "New City" was planted on one of the oldest settled coasts on the continent.
RECORD, Phoenix: Darrell Duppa named Phoenix, Arizona around 1867–68 because the town was rising on the ruins of an older civilization: the Hohokam canal system, hundreds of miles of irrigation canals. The phoenix is the Greek form of the Egyptian Bennu bird of Heliopolis, which ties it to the Egypt lead (P169/P171).
RECORD, ancient texts: Diodorus Siculus (Library 5.19–20) says Phoenicians sailing beyond the Pillars of Heracles found a large, fertile, well-watered island many days west in the ocean, and that the Carthaginians kept it secret. Pseudo-Aristotle (On Marvellous Things Heard 84) says Carthaginians found such an island and forbade sailing there on pain of death. "Knowledge of each other's existence," written by the old world itself

DISPUTEDthe Paraíba inscription (Brazil, 1872, Phoenician text, defended by Cyrus Gordon in 1968, called a hoax by most); the Bat Creek Stone (P170); the Corvo Carthaginian coins (P172)

LENSthe Phoenicians, the sea people of purple, were on the Atlantic wheel; the Carthaginians hid the western land; the "New City" and "Phoenix" names mark where the old civilization was already standing (Pattern).
OPEN, needs deep research: whether "Phoenicians" and the American sea peoples were the same people (purple dye trade? Tyrian purple and Mesoamerican snail purple, Plicopurpura, both from murex-type snails).