A continent of confederacies: Haudenosaunee (Six Nations); Wabanaki Confederacy; Council of Three Fires (Ojibwe, Odawa, Potawatomi); Western/Northwestern Confederacy…

SUMMARYA continent of confederacies: Haudenosaunee (Six Nations); Wabanaki Confederacy; Council of Three Fires (Ojibwe, Odawa, Potawatomi); Western/Northwestern Confederacy 1780s-1795 (Shawnee, Miami under Little Turtle, Lenape, Wyandot, Potawatomi, Odawa, Ojibwe; Blue Jacket); Tecumseh's Confederacy 1808-1813; Creek/Muscogee Confederacy; Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw nations; Powhatan paramount chiefdom (30+ nations); Oceti Sakowin (Seven Council Fires). St. Clair's Defeat (1791): Western Confederacy destroyed a US army on the Wabash, ~600 US soldiers killed, the US Army's worst defeat by Native forces; US gained Ohio only after Fallen Timbers 1794 and the Treaty of Greenville 1795; Creek Confederacy broken 1814; Seminoles never surrendered. Record. Lens: in 1790 the newcomers held the coast, the confederacies held the continent; "we were the confederacy" = confederacy was the continent's original political form.