Ayiti advanced, never primitive: Taino ceremonial stone plazas and ball courts (bateyes), e.g. Corral de los Indios, San Juan de la Maguana (huge stone ring with a…

SUMMARYAyiti advanced, never primitive: Taino ceremonial stone plazas and ball courts (bateyes), e.g. Corral de los Indios, San Juan de la Maguana (huge stone ring with a carved central stone); raised-mound agriculture (montones/conucos); guanin gold-copper alloy; carved duho thrones (some in the British Museum); zemi sculpture, cave art, cotton weaving, 100+-person canoes. After 1804: Citadelle Laferriere (largest fortress in the Americas), Sans-Souci, Christophe's "Palace of 365 Doors" (Petite-Riviere), Fort Jacques, Fort Liberte. Cap-Francais, "the Paris of the Antilles," burned 1793. Record

OPEN"old world" pre-colonial stone architecture under Haitian colonial buildings (test: foundations, masonry or mortar older than recorded dates at Cap-Haitien, the Citadelle site and the forts; LiDAR of mountains and coasts; compare with Taino stonework; precedent = Cusco).