NAACP: 1905 to now

Niagara to the travel advisories: the key data points. 16 points on the WW9 Atlas, oldest first, each with its source.

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• The Niagara Movement1905–1909 · Fort Erie, OntarioJuly 1905: W. E. B. Du Bois, William Monroe Trotter and others meet on the Canadian side of Niagara Falls after Buffalo hotels refuse them. Their demands for full civil rights become the core of the NAACP.Niagara Movement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_Movement)
• The Springfield massacre sparks the NAACP1908 · Springfield, IllinoisAugust 1908: a white mob attacks the Black community of Springfield, Lincoln's hometown, burning homes and lynching two men. Writer William English Walling's report calls for a national organization.Springfield race riot of 1908 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield_race_riot_of_1908)
• The NAACP is founded1909–1910 · New York CityFebruary 12, 1909 (Lincoln's centennial): the call goes out; the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People forms in New York in 1909-1910. Founders include W. E. B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells, Mary Church Terrell, Mary White Ovington, William English Walling and Oswald Garrison Villard; NAACP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAACP)
• The Crisis1910–1934 · New York CityNovember 1910: the NAACP's magazine The Crisis launches with Du Bois as editor. It publishes the Harlem Renaissance writers and the lynching record.The Crisis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crisis)
• Guinn v. United States: grandfather clauses struck1915 · U.S. Supreme Court, Washington, D.C.June 21, 1915: with an NAACP brief, the Supreme Court strikes Oklahoma's grandfather clause, which kept men papered as Black from voting.Guinn v. United States (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinn_v._United_States)
• The Silent Parade1917 · Fifth Avenue, New York CityJuly 28, 1917: about 10,000 people march down Fifth Avenue in silence, organized by the NAACP and churches, protesting the East St. Louis massacre and lynching.Silent Parade (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_Parade)
• The anti-lynching fight in Congress1922–2022 · U.S. Capitol, Washington, D.C.January 1922: the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill, pushed by the NAACP, passes the House and dies in a Senate filibuster. Lynching is not made a federal crime until the Emmett Till Antilynching Act, signed March 29, 2022.Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyer_Anti-Lynching_Bill); Emmett Till Antilynching Act (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmett_Till_Antilynching_Act)
• The Legal Defense Fund1940 · New York City1940: Thurgood Marshall founds the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, the law shop behind the school desegregation cases.NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAACP_Legal_Defense_and_Educational_Fund)
• Harry T. and Harriette Moore1951 · Mims, FloridaDecember 25, 1951: a bomb under their home kills Florida NAACP leader Harry T. Moore and his wife Harriette, after years of voter registration and lynching investigations. In 2006 Florida's attorney general names Klan members as responsible.Harry T. Moore (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_T._Moore)
• Brown v. Board of Education1954 · Topeka, KansasMay 17, 1954: the Supreme Court rules school segregation unconstitutional in the NAACP's case, argued by Thurgood Marshall.Brown v. Board of Education (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education)
• Rosa Parks, and Alabama outlaws the NAACP1955–1964 · Montgomery, AlabamaDecember 1, 1955: Rosa Parks, secretary of the Montgomery NAACP, is arrested. In 1956 Alabama bans the NAACP from the state; the Supreme Court's NAACP v. Alabama rulings (1958 on) end the ban by 1964.Rosa Parks (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa_Parks); NAACP v. Alabama (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAACP_v._Alabama)
• Medgar Evers1963–1994 · Jackson, MississippiJune 12, 1963: Mississippi NAACP field secretary Medgar Evers is shot in his driveway. Byron De La Beckwith walks after two hung juries in 1964 and is convicted only in 1994.Medgar Evers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medgar_Evers)
• The first NAACP Image Awards1967 · Los Angeles, California1967: the Hollywood branch holds the first NAACP Image Awards, honoring our people in film, TV, music and books.NAACP Image Awards (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAACP_Image_Awards)
• The NAACP moves to Baltimore1986 · Baltimore, Maryland1986: the national headquarters moves from New York to Baltimore.NAACP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAACP)
• First NAACP state travel advisory: Missouri2017 · Jefferson City, MissouriAugust 2017: the NAACP issues its first-ever statewide travel advisory, for Missouri, after a new law makes discrimination suits harder to win.NAACP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAACP)
• NAACP travel advisory: Florida2023 · Tallahassee, FloridaMay 2023: the NAACP issues a travel advisory for Florida, citing state laws on Black history teaching and diversity programs.NAACP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAACP)