Crayon1 · Invention · Stick of pigmented wax for writing or drawing (placed at Westchester County (where Edwin Binney was born))Invented or discovered by: Edwin Binney.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayon
Mercator projection1569 · Cylindrical conformal map projection (placed at Duisburg)Invented or discovered by: Gerardus Mercator. Discovered or invented: 1569. Made in: Duisburg. 1569: Mercator Projection map created by Gerardus Mercatorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercator_projection
Backstaff1594 · Navigational instrument (placed at Sandridge (where John Davis was born))Invented or discovered by: John Davis. 1594: Backstaff : Invented by Captain John Davishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backstaff
Telescope1607 · Instrument that makes distant objects appear magnified (placed at Wesel (where Hans Lippershay was born))Invented or discovered by: Hans Lippershay, Juan Roget, Zaccarias Janssen, Jacob Metius. 1608: Telescope : Patent applied for by Hans Lippershey . Actual inventor unknown since it seemed to already be a common item being offered by the spectacle makers in the Netherlands with Jacob Metius also applyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope
New Amsterdam1625–1664 · Dutch settlement (1624–1664)A doughnut or donut, is a type of fried dough food popular in many countries and prepared in various forms as a sweet (or occasionally savory) snack that can be homemade or purchased in bakeries, supermarkets, food stalls, and franchised specialty outlets. They are usually sweet, deep-fried from a fhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Amsterdam
Newburyport, Massachusetts1635 · City in Massachusetts, United StatesA cracker is a type of biscuit that developed from military hardtack and nautical ship biscuits. Crackers are now usually eaten with soup, or topped with cheese, caviar, or other delicacies. The holes in crackers are called "docking" holes as a means to stop air pockets from forming in the cracker whttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newburyport%2C_Massachusetts
Mechanical calculator1642 · Mechanical machine for arithmetic operations for absolute calculators (placed at Normandy)Discovered or invented: 1642. Made in: Normandy. 1642: Mechanical calculator . The Pascaline is built by Blaise Pascal .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_calculator
Barometer1643 · Scientific instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure (placed at Rome (where Evangelista Torricelli was born))Invented or discovered by: Evangelista Torricelli. Discovered or invented: 1643. 1643: Barometer : invented by Evangelista Torricelli , or possibly up to three years earlier by Gasparo Berti .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barometer
Pendulum clock1656 · Clock regulated by a pendulum (placed at The Hague (where Christiaan Huygens was born))Invented or discovered by: Christiaan Huygens. Discovered or invented: 1656. 1656: Pendulum clock : Invented by Christiaan Huygens . It was first conceptualized in 1637 by Galileo Galilei but he was unable to create a working model.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_clock
Thomas Savery1698 · English engineer; invented the first commercial steam pump (c.1650–1715) (placed at Modbury)1698: Thomas Savery develops a steam-powered water pump : for draining mineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Savery
Benjamin Franklin1717 · American Founding Father and polymath (1706–1790) (placed at Boston)Swim fins, also known as fins, or flippers, are blade-shaped extensions worn on feet or hands for use in water. They aid movement in aquatic sports such as swimming, surfing, and underwater diving. Swim fins are typically made of rubber or plastic. Benjamin Franklin invented wooden swim fins in 1717https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin
Reflecting telescope1721 · Telescopes which utilize curved mirrors to form an image (placed at The Manse, Drumoak Kirk, Drumoak (where James Gregory was born))Invented or discovered by: James Gregory. 1668: First functional reflecting telescope constructed by Isaac Newton .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflecting_telescope
Benjamin Banneker1731 · American scientist, surveyor and farmer (1731–1806) (placed at Baltimore County)Banneker, Benjamin 1731–1806 Almanac author; surveyor ; farmer Constructed wooden clock; astronomer ; assisted in the survey of the original boundaries of the District of Columbia; authored a series of almanacs and ephemerides ; naturalist : recorded observations on emergences of periodical cicadas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Banneker
Lewis Paul1738 · English inventor (placed at England)1738: Lewis Paul and John Wyatt invent the first mechanized cotton spinning machine , helping to establish the British textile industryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Paul
James Hargreaves1764 · English inventor of the Spinning Jenny (placed at Blackburn)1764: James Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny , revolutionizing textile production during the Industrial Revolutionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hargreaves
Joseph Priestley1770 · English chemist and polymath (1733–1804) (placed at Birstall)A pencil eraser is an article of stationery attached to the opposite end of a graphite pencil's sharpened tip. The eraser itself is typically made out of gum-like or synthetic rubber that is used for rubbing out pencil mistakes on paper. On April 15, 1770, English inventor Joseph Priestley describedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Priestley
Jesse Ramsden1775 · 18th-century British mathematician and scientific instrument maker (1735–1800) (placed at Salterhebble)1775: Jesse Ramsden invents the modern screw-cutting lathehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Ramsden
Louisville, Kentucky1778 · Most populous city in Kentucky, United StatesA gas mask is a mask worn over the face to protect the wearer from inhaling "airborne pollutants" and toxic gasses. The mask forms a sealed cover over the nose and mouth, but may also cover the eyes and other vulnerable soft tissues of the face. The gas mask was invented in 1847 by Lewis Haslett, a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisville%2C_Kentucky
Oliver Evans1787 · American inventor (placed at Newport)Classical mill designs were generally powered by water or air. In water-powered mills, a sluice gate opens a channel, starts the water flowing, and a water wheel turning. In 1787, American inventor Oliver Evans revolutionized this labor-intensive process by building the first fully automatic mill ushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Evans
Washington, D.C.1790 · Capital city of the United StatesA fire hydrant is an active fire protection measure, and a source of water provided in most urban, suburban and rural areas with municipal water service to enable firefighters to tap into the municipal water supply to assist in extinguishing a fire. Before the existence of fire hydrants, a primitivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%2C_D.C.
Benjamin Thompson1796 · British military officer, scientist and inventor (placed at Woburn)The Rumford fireplace created a sensation in 1796 when Benjamin Thompson Rumford introduced the idea of restricting the chimney opening to increase the updraught. Rumford fireplaces were common from 1796, when Benjamin Rumford first wrote about them, until about 1850. Thomas Jefferson had them builthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson
Alessandro Volta1800 · Italian chemist and physicist (1745–1827) (placed at Como)1800: Alessandro Volta invents the voltaic pile , an early form of battery in Italy , based on previous works by Luigi Galvani .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Volta
Humphry Davy1802 · British chemist and inventor (1778–1829) (placed at Penzance)1802: Humphry Davy invents the arc lamp (exact date unclear; not practical as a light source until the invention of efficient electric generators).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humphry_Davy
Theodore Burr1804 · American inventor and civil engineer (1771–1822) (placed at Torrington)The Burr Arch Truss, Burr Truss, or the Burr Arch, is a combination of an arch and a multiple kingpost truss design typically implemented in the construction of covered bridges. The design principle behind the Burr arch truss was that the arch should be capable of holding the entire load on the bridhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Burr
William Reid Clanny1812 · Irish physician and inventor (1776–1850) (placed at Bangor)1812: William Reid Clanny pioneered the invention of the safety lamp which he improved in later years. Safety lamps based on Clanny's improved design were used until the adoption of electric lamps.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Reid_Clanny
Tabitha Babbitt1813 · American tool maker (1779-1853) (placed at Hardwick)The circular saw is a metal disc or blade with saw teeth on the edge as well as the machine that causes the disk to spin. It may cut wood or other materials and may be hand-held or table-mounted. Tabitha Babbitt is credited with inventing the first circular saw used in a saw mill in 1813.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabitha_Babbitt
Karl Drais1817 · German inventor (1785–1851) (placed at Karlsruhe)1817: Baron Karl von Drais invents the dandy horse , an early velocipede and precursor to the modern bicycle .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Drais
Thomas Blanchard (inventor)1818 · American inventor (placed at Sutton)Thomas Blanchard of Middlebury, Connecticut, invented the Blanchard lathe in 1818, intended for the mass duplication of gun stocks. An earlier copying lathe was built by Andrey Nartov in the early 1700s for creating ornamental pieces Nartov's lathehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Blanchard_%28inventor%29
Charles Babbage1822 · English mathematician, philosopher, and engineer (1791–1871) (placed at Walworth)1822: Charles Babbage , considered the " father of the computer ", begins building the first programmable mechanical computer .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Babbage
Thaddeus Fairbanks1830 · American inventor (1796–1886) (placed at Brimfield)Also known as the Fairbanks Scale, the platform scale is a benched scale for measuring the counterbalance weight of loaded objects at ground level, thus eliminating the use of a hoist. After a series of trial and error in his designs, Thaddeus Fairbanks patented his invention in 1830. E & T Fairbankhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaddeus_Fairbanks
Electromagnet1831 · Magnet that creates a magnetic field through an electric current (placed at Whittington (where William Sturgeon was born))Invented or discovered by: William Sturgeon. Discovered or invented: 1825. A multiple coil magnet is an electromagnet that has several coils of wire connected in parallel. This increases the total electric current in the electromagnet and therefore generates a stronger magnetic field . It was inventhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnet
Joseph Henry1831 · American physicist and inventor (1797–1878) (placed at Albany)A doorbell is a signaling device commonly found near a door. It commonly emits a ringing sound to alert the occupant of the building to a visitor's presence. The electric doorbell was invented by Joseph Henry in 1831.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Henry
Michael Faraday1831 · English chemist and physicist (1791–1867) (placed at Newington Butts)1831: Michael Faraday invents a method of electromagnetic induction . It would be independently invented by Joseph Henry the following year. Faraday is credited with inventing the first electric generator called the Faraday disk .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday
Robert L. Stevens1831 · American inventor and businessman (1787–1856) (placed at Hoboken)The flanged T rail is an all-iron railway rail that has a flat bottom and requires no chair to hold the rails upright. The flanged "tee" rail was invented in May 1831 by an American named Robert L. Stevens of the Camden & Amboy Railroad and Transportation Company , which he conceived while crossing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_L._Stevens
Buffalo, New York1832 · City in New York, United StatesExecution by electrocution is an execution method which the person being put to death is strapped to a specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes placed on the body. In 1881, Buffalo, New York dentist and inventor Alfred Southwick heard about an intoxicated man dying instantly https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%2C_New_York
William Austin Burt1835 · American politician (1792–1858) (placed at Petersham)A solar compass is a railroad compass with a solar attachment that allows surveyors to determine the north direction by reference to the sun rather than by reference to the magnetic needle. It consists of three arcs: one for setting the latitude of the land to be surveyed; one for setting the declinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Austin_Burt
William Otis1835 · American steam shovel inventor (placed at Pelham)A steam shovel is a large steam-powered excavating machine designed for lifting and moving material such as rock and soil, typically in the mining industry. The steam shovel is composed of a bucket, boom and 'dipper stick', boiler, water tank and coal bunker, a steam engine, and a winch. The steam shttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Otis
Jones County, Iowa1837 · County in Iowa, United StatesA feather duster is an implement used for cleaning. It consists typically of a wooden-dowel handle and feathers that are wound onto the handle by a wrapped wire. In 1870, the original idea for the feather duster was conceived in a broom factory in Jones County, Iowa . A farmer brought a bundle of tuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jones_County%2C_Iowa
Morse code1837 · Invention · Transmission of language with brief pulses (placed at Boston)Invented or discovered by: Samuel Finley Breese Morse, Alfred Vail. Discovered or invented: 1836. Made in: Boston.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morse_code
Edmond Becquerel1839 · French physicist (1820–1891) (placed at former 1st arrondissement of Paris)1839: Edmond Becquerel invents a method for the photovoltaic effect , effectively producing the first solar cell .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel
William Howe (architect)1840 · American architect and bridge builder (placed at Spencer)A Howe truss is a specialized design of a trussed bridge whereby the vertical trusses are in tension and the diagonal trusses are compressed. Howe trusses slope upwards and towards the center of the bridge. The Howe truss was patented in 1840 by William Howe .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howe_%28architect%29
Richard March Hoe1843 · American inventor (1812–1886) (placed at New York City)A rotary printing press is a printing press in which the images to be printed are curved around a cylinder. In 1843, Richard Hoe invented a revolution in printing by rolling a cylinder over stationary plates of inked type and using the cylinder to make an impression on paper. This eliminated the neehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_March_Hoe
Elias Howe1846 · American inventor (1819–1867) (placed at Spencer)The transverse shuttle is a method to drive a bobbin on a sewing machine so as to create the lockstitch technique. Transverse shuttles carry the bobbin in a boat-shaped shuttle, and reciprocate the shuttle along a straight horizontal shaft. As the earliest of bobbin drivers, the transverse shuttle whttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_Howe
Crawford Long1849 · American physician (1815–1878) (placed at Danielsville)Crawford Long , of Jefferson, Georgia, performed the first operation using his development of ether-based anesthesia, when he removed a tumor from the neck of Mr. James Venable. Long did not reveal the practicality of using ether anesthesia until 1849.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawford_Long
Josephine Cochrane1850 · American inventor (1839–1913) (placed at Shelbyville)The dishwasher cleans dishes, glassware, and eating utensils. The first dishwasher was a wooden one whereby a person would turn a handle to splash water on the dishware. It was invented in 1850 by Joel Houghton of Ogden, New York. The device was a failure. Houghton received U.S. patent #7,365 on Mayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Cochrane
George Jennings1851 · English sanitary engineer; inventor of public toilets (placed at Hampshire)1851: George Jennings offers the first public flush toilets , accessible for a penny per visit, and in 1852 receives a UK patent for the single piece, free standing, earthenware, trap plumed, flushing, water-closet.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Jennings
Edward Bouchet1852 · American physicist (1852–1918) (placed at New Haven)Bouchet, Edward 1852–1918 Physicist First African-American to receive a PhD in any subject; received physics doctorate from Yale University in 1876https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bouchet
Elisha Otis1852 · 19th-century American industrialist and inventor of the Otis Elevator (placed at Halifax)An elevator or lift is a vertical transport vehicle that efficiently moves people or goods between floors of a building. In 1852, Elisha Graves Otis invented the first safety brake for elevators which prevents an elevator from spiralling into a free fall between numerous floors inside a building.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Otis
Henri Giffard1852 · French airship and steam injector engineer (placed at Paris)1852: Henri Giffard becomes the first person to make a manned, controlled and powered flight using a dirigible .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Giffard
Edwin Holmes (inventor)1853 · American burglar alarm inventor (1820–1901) (placed at West Boylston)A burglar alarm contains sensors which are connected to a control unit via a low-voltage hardwire or narrowband RF signal which is used to interact with a response device. The alarm was patented (U.S. patent #9,802) on June 21, 1853, by the Reverend Augustus Russell Pope of Somerville, Massachusettshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Holmes_%28inventor%29
Reinforced concrete1853 · Concrete with rebar (placed at Saint-Quentin-la-Poterie (where Joseph Monier was born))Invented or discovered by: Joseph Monier. Discovered or invented: 1853. 1853: François Coignet invents reinforced concrete .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_concrete
Henry Bessemer1855 · English inventor (1813–1898) (placed at Charlton)1855: Henry Bessemer patents the Bessemer process for making steel, with improvements made by others over the following years.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Bessemer
Daniel Hale Williams1856 · American cardiologist (1856–1931) (placed at Hollidaysburg)Williams, Daniel 1856–1931 Surgeon The first black person on record to have successfully performed pericardium (the sac surrounding the heart) surgery to repair a wound.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hale_Williams
Gail Borden1856 · American entrepreneur (1801–1874) (placed at Norwich)Condensed milk is cow's milk from which water has been removed and to which sugar has been added, yielding a very thick, sweet product that can last for years without refrigeration if unopened. Gail Borden invented condensed milk in 1856 and was later used by soldiers during the American Civil War.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gail_Borden
Phonautograph1857 · Earliest known device for recording sound (placed at Paris)Invented or discovered by: Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville. Discovered or invented: 1850. Made in: Paris. 1857: The phonautograph , the earliest known device for recording sound, is patented and invented by Frenchman Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonautograph
Nathan Ames1859 · American poet (placed at Roxbury)An escalator is a moving staircase, a conveyor transport device for carrying people between floors of a building. Commonly found and used in shopping malls, department stores, airports, an escalator consists of a motor-driven chain of individual, linked steps that move up or down on tracks, allowinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Ames
Benjamin Tyler Henry1860 · American gunsmith and manufacturer (placed at Claremont)A repeating rifle is a single barreled rifle containing multiple rounds of ammunition. Benjamin Tyler Henry , chief designer for Oliver Fisher Winchester's arms company, adapted a breech-loading rifle built by Walter Hunt and invented the first practical lever action repeating rifle in 1860. First khttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Tyler_Henry
Hubert Cecil Booth1860 · English engineer (placed at Gloucester)A vacuum cleaner uses a partial vacuum to suck up dust and dirt, usually from floors. Daniel Hess of West Union, Iowa, invented the first vacuum cleaner in 1860. Calling it a carpet sweeper instead of a vacuum cleaner, his machine did, in fact, have a rotating brush like a traditional vacuum cleanerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Cecil_Booth
University of Washington1861 · Public university in Seattle, Washington, USA bionic contact lens is a digital contact lens worn directly on the human eye which in the future, scientists believe could one day serve as a useful virtual platform for activities such as surfing the World Wide Web, superimposing images on real-world objects, playing video games for entertainmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Washington
Roller skates1863 · Shoe or overshoe with wheels (placed at Huy (where John Joseph Merlin was born))Invented or discovered by: John Joseph Merlin. Discovered or invented: 1760. Quad skates are four-wheeled turning roller skates set in two side-by-side pairs. In 1863, James Leonard Plimpton of Medford, Massachusetts, invented the first four-wheeled roller skates arranged in two side-by-side pairs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_skates
William Bullock (inventor)1865 · American inventor (1813–1867) (placed at New York)In 1865, William Bullock invented a printing press that could feed paper on a continuous roll and print both sides of the paper at once. Used first by the Philadelphia Ledger , the machine would become an American standard. It would also kill its inventor, who died when he accidentally fell into onehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bullock_%28inventor%29
Charles Goodnight1866 · American rancher (1836–1929) (placed at Macoupin County)The chuckwagon is a wagon that carries food and cooking equipment on the prairies of the United States and Canada. They were part of a wagon train of settlers to feed nomadic workers like cowboys or loggers. While mobile kitchens had existed for generations, the invention of the chuckwagon is attribhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Goodnight
Alfred Nobel1867 · Swedish chemist and inventor (1833–1896) (placed at Stockholm)1867: Alfred Nobel invents dynamite , the first safely manageable explosive stronger than black powder .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel
Charles Henry Turner (zoologist)1867 · American entomologist (1867–1923) (placed at Cincinnati)Turner, Charles Henry 1867–1923 Zoologist First person to prove that insects can hear and can distinguish pitch, that cockroaches can learn by trial and error, and that honeybees can see color; first African-American to receive a PhD from the University of Chicagohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Henry_Turner_%28zoologist%29
George Herman Babcock1867 · American inventor (1832–1893) (placed at Unadilla Forks)A water-tube boiler is a type of boiler in which water circulates in tubes heated externally by the fire. Water-tube boilers are used for high-pressure boilers. Fuel is burned inside the furnace, creating hot gas which heats up water in the steam-generating tubes. The water-tube boiler was co-inventhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Herman_Babcock
Margaret E. Knight1868 · American inventor (1838–1914) (placed at York)A bag is a non-rigid or semi-rigid container usually made of paper which is used to hold items or packages. In 1868, Margaret E. Knight while living in Springfield, Massachusetts invented a machine that folded and glued paper to form the brown paper bags familiar to what shoppers know and use today.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_E._Knight
William Lyman (inventor)1870 · American inventor (1821–1891) (placed at Meriden)The can opener is a device used to open metal cans. Most 21st century non-electrical can openers used a crank turning a wheel with serrated edges (to grip and turn) and is fused with a cogwheel which rotates a cogwheel fused with a cutting wheel which presses against and penetrates the can top. The https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lyman_%28inventor%29
Stainless steel1872 · Iron-based alloy resistant to rust and corrosion (placed at Sheffield (where Harry Brearley was born))Invented or discovered by: Harry Brearley. Discovered or invented: 1872. 1872: J. E. T. Woods and J. Clark invent stainless steel . Harry Brearley is the first to commercialize it.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_steel
Chester Greenwood1873 · American inventor (1858–1937) (placed at Farmington)Earmuffs cover a person's ears for thermal protection. Earmuffs consist of a thermoplastic or metal head-band, that fits over the top of the head, and a pad at each end, to cover the external ears. Earmuffs were invented by Chester Greenwood in 1873.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_Greenwood
Thomas Edison1874 · American inventor and businessman (1847–1931) (placed at Milan)A quadruplex telegraph is a type of electrical telegraph which allows a total of four separate signals to be transmitted and received on a single wire at the same time. With two signals in each direction, quadruplex telegraphy thus implements a form of multiplexing. The quadruplex telegraph was invehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edison
Francis Edgar Stanley1876 · American businessman (1849–1918) (placed at Kingfield)An airbrush is a small, air-operated tool that sprays various media including ink and dye, but most often paint by a process of nebulization. Spray guns developed from the airbrush and are still considered a type of airbrush. The first airbrush was invented in 1876 by Francis Edgar Stanley of Newtonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Edgar_Stanley
QWERTY1878 · Invention · Keyboard layout for Latin-script alphabets (placed at Mooresburg (where Christopher Latham Sholes was born))Invented or discovered by: Christopher Latham Sholes.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QWERTY
Samuel Langley1878 · American astronomer, physicist and inventor (1834–1906) (placed at Roxbury)A bolometer measures the energy of incident electromagnetic radiation. It was invented in 1878 by American astronomer Samuel Pierpont Langley .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Langley
Alexander Graham Bell1881 · Inventor of the telephone (1847–1922) (placed at Edinburgh)Metal detectors use electromagnetic induction to detect metal. In 1881, the Scots-American named Alexander Graham Bell invented the first metal detector as President James Garfield lay dying from a fatal gunshot wound. Despite an effort to locate the lodged bullet, Bell's invention proved to be unsuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell
Elmer Imes1883 · African-American physicist (1883–1941)) (placed at Memphis)Imes, Elmer 1883–1941 Physicist Second African-American to earn a Ph.D. in physics who demonstrated for the first time that quantum theory could be applied to the rotational energy states of molecules, as well as the vibration and electronic levelshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmer_Imes
Ernest Everett Just1883 · American biologist (1883–1941) (placed at Charleston)Just, Ernest 1883–1941 Woods Hole Marine Biology Institute biologist Provided basic and initial descriptions of the structure–function–property relationship of the plasma membrane of biological cellshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Everett_Just
Hiram Maxim1884 · American and British inventor (1840–1916) (placed at Sangerville)1884: Hiram Maxim invents the recoil-operated Maxim gun , ushering in the age of semi- and fully automatic firearms.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_Maxim
St. Elmo Brady1884 · American chemist (1884–1966) (placed at Louisville)Brady, St. Elmo 1884–1966 Chemist Published three scholarly abstracts in Science ; collaborated on a paper published in the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Elmo_Brady
George Eastman1885 · American entrepreneur, inventor, and photographer (1854–1932) (placed at Waterville)Photographic film is a sheet of material coated with a photosensitive emulsion. When the emulsion is sufficiently exposed to light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays and is developed it forms an image. George Eastman and his company, Eastman Kodak , invented the first flexiblhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Eastman
Internal combustion engine1885 · Engine in which fuel combusts with an oxidizer (placed at Paris (where Rudolf Diesel was born))Invented or discovered by: Rudolf Diesel, Nicolaus Otto. Discovered or invented: 1924. The motorcycle is a single-track, two-wheeled motor vehicle powered by an engine. Although the first gasoline/petrol motorcycle powered by an internal combustion engine was built in 1885 by a German named Gottliebhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine
Carl Benz1886 · German designer and engineer (1844–1929) (placed at Mühlburg)1886: Karl Benz invents the first petrol or gasoline powered auto-mobile (car).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Benz
Carl Gassner1886 · German physician, scientist and inventor (placed at Mainz)1886: Carl Gassner invents the zinc–carbon battery , the first dry cell battery , making portable electronics practical.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Gassner
Charles Martin Hall1886 · American inventor, businessman, and chemist (1863–1914) (placed at Thompson Township)1886: Charles Martin Hall and independently Paul Héroult invent the Hall–Héroult process for economically producing aluminum in 1886.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Martin_Hall
Archie Alexander1888 · American architect and engineer (placed at Ottumwa)Alexander, Archie 1888–1958 Civil engineer Responsible for the construction of many roads and bridges, including the Whitehurst Freeway , the Tidal Basin Bridge, and an extension to the Baltimore-Washington Parkway .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie_Alexander
Ballpoint pen1888 · Invention · Device dispensing ink over a metal ball at its point (placed at Turin (where Marcel Bich was born))Invented or discovered by: Marcel Bich. Discovered or invented: 1888.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballpoint_pen
Herman Hollerith1890 · American statistician and inventor (placed at Buffalo)The tabulating machine is an electrical device designed to assist in summarizing information and, later, accounting. The results of a tabulation are electrically coupled with a sorter while displayed on clock-like dials. The concept of automated data processing had been born. In 1890, Herman Hollerihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Hollerith
Stephen Moulton Babcock1890 · American agricultural chemist (placed at Oneida County)The Babcock test was the first inexpensive and practical test which were used to determine the fat content of milk. Invented by Stephen Moulton Babcock in 1890, the test was developed to prevent dishonest farmers who could, until the 1890s, water down their milk or remove some cream before selling ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Moulton_Babcock
William Phelps Eno1890 · American businessman (placed at New York City)A stop sign is a traffic sign, usually erected at road junctions such as a four-way intersection, that instructs drivers to stop and then to proceed only if the way ahead is clear. The idea of placing stop signs at road junctions was first conceived in 1890 when William Phelps Eno of Saugatuck, Connhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Phelps_Eno
Basketball1891 · Invention · Team sport (placed at Almonte (where James Naismith was born))Invented or discovered by: James Naismith. Discovered or invented: 1891.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball
George Ellery Hale1893 · American solar astronomer (1868–1938) (placed at Chicago)The spectroheliograph is an instrument used in astronomy that captures a photographic image of the Sun at a single wavelength of light, a monochromatic image. The spectroheliograph was invented in 1893 by George Ellery Hale and independently later by Henri Alexandre Deslandres in 1894.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr.1893 · American civil engineer (1859–1896) (placed at Galesburg)A Ferris wheel is a non-building structure, consisting of an upright wheel with passenger gondolas attached to the rim. Opened on June 21, 1893, at the Chicago World's Fair, the original Ferris wheel was invented two years earlier by the Pittsburgh bridge-builder George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. inhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Gale_Ferris_Jr.
Rudolf Diesel1893 · German inventor and engineer (1858–1913) (placed at Paris)1893: Rudolf Diesel invents the diesel engine (although Herbert Akroyd Stuart had experimented with compression ignition before Diesel).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Diesel
Lloyd Hall1894 · American chemist (1894–1971) (placed at Elgin)Hall, Lloyd 1894–1971 Chemist , inventor Inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame for his more than 100 U.S. and foreign patents associated with preserving foodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Hall
William Stewart Halsted1894 · American surgeon (1852–1922) (placed at New York City)Medical gloves are disposable gloves used during medical examinations and procedures that help prevent contamination between caregivers and patients. Medical gloves are made of different polymers including latex, nitrile rubber, vinyl and neoprene; they come unpowdered, or powdered with cornstarch thttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stewart_Halsted
Bicycle1895 · Pedal-driven two-wheel vehicle (placed at Karlsruhe (where Karl Drais was born))Invented or discovered by: Karl Drais, Kirkpatrick Macmillan. Discovered or invented: 1885. A cyclocomputer or cyclometer is a device mounted on a bicycle that calculates and displays trip information, similar to the instruments in the dashboard of a car. The computer with display, or head unit, usuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle
Henry Timken1897 · American inventor and businessman best known for his roller bearings (placed at Tarmstedt)Tapered roller bearings are bearings that can take large axial forces as well as being able to sustain large radial forces. They were co-invented by German-American Henry Timken and Reginald Heinzelman. On August 27, 1897, Timken and Heizelman filed U.S. patent #606,635 which was issued to them joinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Timken
Milton Reeves1897 · Pioneer of the American automobile industry (placed at Rush County)A muffler is a device for reducing the amount of noise emitted by a machine. On internal combustion engines, the engine exhaust blows out through the muffler. The internal combustion engine muffler was invented by Milton O. Reeves who received a patent in 1897.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Reeves
John Browning1898 · American firearms designer (1855–1926) (placed at Ogden)A semi-automatic, or self-loading shot gun is a firearm that requires only a trigger pull for each round that is fired, unlike a single-action revolver, a pump-action firearm, a bolt-action firearm, or a lever-action firearm, which all require the shooter to chamber each successive round manually. Ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Browning
John Philip Sousa1898 · American composer and conductor (1854–1932) (placed at Washington, D.C.)The sousaphone, sometimes referred to as a marching tuba, is a wearable tuba descended from the hélicon. It was designed such that it fits around the body of the wearer and so it can be easily played while being worn. The sousaphone is named after John Philip Sousa but was invented by C.G. Conn in 1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa
Waldemar Jungner1899 · Swedish inventor and engineer (1869–1924) (placed at Falköping)1899: Waldemar Jungner invents the rechargeable nickel-cadmium battery (NiCd) as well as the nickel-iron electric storage battery (NiFe) and the rechargeable alkaline silver-cadmium battery (AgCd)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldemar_Jungner
Polyacrylonitrile1900 · Chemical compound (placed at Augsburg (where Hans Fikentscher was born))Invented or discovered by: Hans Fikentscher. Discovered or invented: 1930. Acrylic fibers are synthetic fibers made from a polymer Polyacrylonitrile with an average molecular weight of ~100,000, about 1900 monomer units. To be called acrylic in the United States, the polymer must contain at least 85https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyacrylonitrile
Meccano1901 · British model construction system (placed at Liverpool (Meccano Ltd headquarters))An Erector Set is a toy construction set that consists of collections of small metal beams with regular holes for nuts, bolts, screws, and mechanical parts such as pulleys, gears, and small electric motors. Popular in the United States, the brand name is currently used for Meccano sets (themselves phttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meccano
Morris Michtom1902 · American toy inventor (placed at Russia)A teddy bear is a stuffed toy bear. They are usually stuffed with soft cotton and have smooth and soft fur. It is an enduring form of a stuffed animal that has become a collector's item. The first teddy bear was invented in 1902 by Morris Michtom , owner of a Brooklyn toy store, who was inspired by https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris_Michtom
Gas-turbine engine1903 · Type of continuous-flow turbine engine (placed at Nottingham (where John Barber was born))Invented or discovered by: John Barber. Discovered or invented: 1791. 1903: The first successful gas turbine is invented by Ægidius Elling .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas-turbine_engine
Laminated glass1903 · Type of safety glass with a thin polymer interlayer that holds together when shattered (placed at 10ᵗʰ arrondissement of Paris (where Édouard Bénédictus was born))Invented or discovered by: Édouard Bénédictus. Discovered or invented: 1903. 1903: Édouard Bénédictus invents laminated glass .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminated_glass
Mary Anderson (inventor)1903 · American inventor (1866–1953) (placed at Peru)The windshield wiper is a bladed device used to wipe rain and dirt from a windshield. In 1903, Mary Anderson is credited with inventing the first operational windshield wiper. In Anderson's patent, she called her invention a window cleaning device for electric cars and other vehicles. Operated via ahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Anderson_%28inventor%29
Robert W. Wood1903 · American physicist and inventor (1868–1955) (placed at Concord)Wood's glass is a light filter used in communications during World War I. An "invisible radiation" technique which worked both in infrared daylight communication and ultraviolet night communications, it does not transmit visible light, leaving the 'invisible radiation' as a signal beam. Wood's glasshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Wood
Frank Epperson1905 · American inventor of the Popsicle (1894–1983) (placed at Willows)An ice pop is a frozen water-based dessert on a stick. It is made by freezing a colored, flavored liquid around a stick. Once the liquid freezes solid, the stick can be used as a handle to hold the ice pop. The ice pop was invented by 11-year-old Frank Epperson in 1905. Living in San Francisco, Calihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Epperson
William Warrick Cardozo1905 · American medical researcher (1905–1962) (placed at Washington, D.C.)Cardozo, William Warrick 1905–1962 Pediatrician Sickle cell anemia studies; in October 1937 he published "Immunologic Studies in Sickle Cell Anemia" in the Archives of Internal Medicine ; many of the findings are still valid todayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Warrick_Cardozo
Audion1906 · Invention · Electronic detecting or amplifying vacuum tube (placed at Council Bluffs (where Lee de Forest was born))Invented or discovered by: Lee de Forest.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audion
Cellophane1908 · Thin, transparent sheet made of cellulose (placed at Zurich (where Jacques E. Brandenberger was born))Invented or discovered by: Jacques E. Brandenberger. Discovered or invented: 1908. 1908: Cellophane is invented by Jacques E. Brandenberger .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellophane
Dorothy Vaughan1910 · American human computer and computer programmer (1910–2008) (placed at Kansas City)Vaughan, Dorothy 1910–2008 Mathematician Worked for NACA and NASA at Langley Research Centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Vaughan
Nathaniel Baldwin1910 · American inventor and industrialist (1878–1961) (placed at Nathaniel Baldwin House)A headset is a headphone combined with a microphone. Headsets provide the equivalent functionality of a telephone handset with hands-free operation. They are used in call centers and by people in telephone-intensive jobs. The first-ever headset was invented in 1910, by a Stanford University student https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Baldwin
Charles F. Kettering1911 · American inventor, engineer and businessman (1876–1958) (placed at Loudonville)An automobile self-starter is an electric motor that initiates rotational motion in an internal combustion engine before it can power itself, therefore eliminating the hand crank used to start engines. In 1911, Charles F. Kettering invented the automobile self-starter while working at National Cash https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_F._Kettering
Cloud chamber1911 · Particle detector for visualizing ionizing radiation (placed at Glencorse (where Charles Thomson Rees Wilson was born))Invented or discovered by: Charles Thomson Rees Wilson. Discovered or invented: 1911. 1911: The cloud chamber , the first particle detector , is invented by Charles Thomson Rees Wilson .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_chamber
Edward N. Hines1911 · American civil engineer (1870–1938) (placed at St. Louis)A road surface marking is any kind of device or material that is used on a road surface in order to convey official information for drivers and pedestrians. Edward N. Hines originated the concept of painting a line down the center of a road to separate traffic in opposing directions. They were firsthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_N._Hines
Lawrence Sperry1912 · American inventor of the autopilot (1892–1923) (placed at Chicago)An autopilot is a mechanical, electrical, or hydraulic system used to guide a vehicle without assistance from a human being. Most people understand an autopilot to refer specifically to aircraft, but self-steering gear for ships, boats, space craft, and missiles is sometimes also called autopilot . https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Sperry
Kaplan turbine1913 · Propeller-type water turbine which has adjustable blades (placed at Mürzzuschlag (where Viktor Kaplan was born))Invented or discovered by: Viktor Kaplan. Discovered or invented: 1913. 1913: The Kaplan turbine is invented by Viktor Kaplan .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan_turbine
Louis W. Roberts1913 · American microwave physicist (1913–1995) (placed at Jamestown)Roberts, Louis W. 1913–1995 Microwave physicist Among the highest ranking African-American space program staff at NASA while the Apollo program was underway.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_W._Roberts
Mary Logan Reddick1914 · Neuroembryologist (placed at Atlanta)Reddick, Mary Logan 1914–1966 neuroembryologist, biologist Possibly the first African-American woman scientist to receive a fellowship to study abroad, and the first female biology instructor at Morehouse College .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Logan_Reddick
Harry Brearley1915 · English metallurgist (1871–1948) (placed at Sheffield)1915: Harry Brearley invents a process to create Martensitic stainless steel , initially labelled Rustless Steel, later marketed as Staybrite, and AISI Type 420.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Brearley
John Renshaw Carson1915 · American telecommunications engineer (1886–1940) (placed at Pittsburgh)Single-sideband modulation (SSB) is a refinement of amplitude modulation that more efficiently uses electrical power and bandwidth. Single-sideband modulation produces a modulated output signal that has a bandwidth identical to that of the original baseband signal, unlike amplitude modulation which https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Renshaw_Carson
Lloyd Miller Cooke1916 · American industrial chemist, researcher (1916–2001) (placed at LaSalle)Cooke, Lloyd Miller 1916–2001 Researcher, industrial chemist Specialized in cellulose and carbohydrate chemistry; awarded the William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement (1971)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Miller_Cooke
Gilbert Vernam1917 · American cryptographer (1890–1960) (placed at Brooklyn)In cryptography, a stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext bits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher bit stream, typically by an exclusive-or (xor) operation. In a stream cipher the plaintext digits are encrypted one at a time, and the transformation of successive digits varies duhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_Vernam
Harold Amos1918 · American microbiologist (placed at Pennsauken)Amos, Harold 1918–2003 Microbiologist First African-American department chair at Harvard Medical Schoolhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Amos
Katherine Johnson1918 · American mathematician (1918–2020) (placed at White Sulphur Springs)Johnson, Katherine 1918–2020 Physicist , mathematician Made contributions to the United States' aeronautics and space programs with the early application of digital electronic computers at NASAhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Johnson
Malcolm Lockheed1918 · American aviation engineer (1887–1958) (placed at Fremont)The hydraulic brake is an arrangement of braking mechanism which uses brake fluid, typically containing ethylene glycol, to transfer pressure from the controlling unit, which is usually near the operator of the vehicle, to the actual brake mechanism, which is usually at or near the wheel of the vehihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Lockheed
Charles Strite1919 · American inventor (1878–1956) (placed at Iowa)The toaster is typically a small electric kitchen appliance designed to toast multiple types of bread products such as sliced bread, bagels, and English muffins. Although not the first to invent the toaster, the pop-up toaster was invented by Charles Strite in 1919, consisting of a variable timer anhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Strite
David Blackwell1919 · American mathematician and statistician (1919–2010) (placed at Centralia)Blackwell, David 1919–2010 Mathematician, statistician First proposed the Blackwell channel model used in coding theory and information theory ; one of the eponyms of the Rao–Blackwell theorem , which is a process that significantly improves crude statistical estimatorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Blackwell
Jane C. Wright1919 · American cancer researcher (placed at Manhattan)Wright, Jane C. 1919–2013 Cancer research and surgeon Noted for her contributions to chemotherapy and for pioneering the use of the drug methotrexate to treat breast cancer and skin cancerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_C._Wright
Samuel P. Massie1919 · Organic chemist (placed at North Little Rock)Massie, Samuel P. 1919–2005 chemist One of the African American scientists and technicians on the Manhattan Project to develop atomic bombs in World War II; Massie worked with uranium isotopeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_P._Massie
Car1922 · Motorised passenger road vehicle (placed at Pittem (where Ferdinand Verbiest was born))Invented or discovered by: Ferdinand Verbiest. Discovered or invented: 1884. A convertible is a type of automobile in which the roof can retract and fold away having windows which wind-down inside the doors, converting it from an enclosed to an open-air vehicle. Many different automobile body styleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car
Louis Alan Hazeltine1922 · American physicist (1886–1964) (placed at Morristown)The neutrodyne is a particular type of Tuned Radio Frequency (TRF) radio receiver, in which the instability-causing inter-electrode capacitance of the triode RF tubes is cancelled out or "neutralized". Louis Alan Hazeltine invented and patented the neutrodyne circuit in 1922 while under contract to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Alan_Hazeltine
Margaret S. Collins1922 · African-American child prodigy, entomologist (placed at Institute)Collins, Margaret S. 1922–1996 Entomologist and zoologist First African-American female entomologist and the third African-American female zoologist. Collins discovered a new species of termite called Neotermes luykxi, or the Florida damp wood termite, in 1989https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_S._Collins
J. Ernest Wilkins Jr.1923 · American mathematician (1923–2011) (placed at Chicago)Wilkins, J. Ernest Jr. 1923–2011 Mathematician, engineer, nuclear scientist Entered University of Chicago at age 13; PhD at 19; worked on the Manhattan Project ; wrote more than 100 scientific papers; helped recruit minorities into the scienceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Ernest_Wilkins_Jr.
James E. Bowman1923 · American geneticist and pathologist (1923–2011) (placed at Washington, D.C.)Bowman, James 1923–2011 Physician Pathologist and geneticist; Professor Emeritus Pritzker School of Medicine ; first tenured African-American professor at the University of Chicago Division of Biological Scienceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_E._Bowman
Leo Gerstenzang1923 · Polish-American inventor (placed at Warsaw)Cotton swabs consist of a small wad of cotton wrapped around either one or both ends of a small rod. They are commonly used in a variety of applications including first aid, cosmetics application, for cleaning, and arts & crafts. The cotton swab was invented by Leo Gerstenzang in 1923, who invented https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Gerstenzang
Lloyd Espenschied1924 · American engineer and inventor (placed at St. Louis)A radio altimeter measures altitude above the terrain presently beneath an aircraft or spacecraft. This type of altimeter provides the distance between the plane and the ground directly below it, as opposed to a barometric altimeter which provides the distance above a pre-determined datum, usually shttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Espenschied
Satyendra Nath Bose1924 · Indian theoretical physicist (1894–1974) (placed at Kolkata)A Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter of bosons confined in an external potential and cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero (0 K or −273.15 °C or −459.67 °F). Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein first conceptualized BEC in 1924–1925; in 1995 Wolfgang Ketterle at MIT ahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose
Bell Labs1925 · Research and scientific development companyA VU meter is often included in analog circuit, audio equipment to display a signal level in Volume Units. It is intentionally a "slow" measurement, averaging out peaks and troughs of short duration to reflect the perceived loudness of the material. It was originally invented in 1939 by the combinedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs
Harold Alden Wheeler1925 · American electrical engineer (placed at Saint Paul)Automatic volume control or automatic gain control (AGC) is an adaptive system found in many electronic devices. The average output signal level is fed back to adjust the gain to an appropriate level for a range of input signal levels. In 1925, Harold Alden Wheeler invented the automatic volume conthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Alden_Wheeler
Richard Gurley Drew1925 · American inventor (1899–1980) (placed at Saint Paul)Masking tape is a pressure-sensitive tape made with an easy-to-tear thin paper, and fly back and a removable pressure-sensitive adhesive. In 1925, Richard G. Drew , an employee of the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M), invented the first masking tape, a two-inch-wide tan paper strip bahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Gurley_Drew
Robert H. Goddard1926 · American physicist and inventor (1882–1945) (placed at Worcester)The liquid-fuel rocket is a rocket with an engine that uses propellants in liquid form. On March 16, 1926, in Auburn, Massachusetts, Dr. Robert H. Goddard , the "father of modern rocketry", launched the first liquid-fueled rocket in history, which used liquid oxygen and gasoline as propellants.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Goddard
Rufus Crosby Kemper Sr.1926 · American banker (1892–1972) (placed at Valley Falls)A drive-through, or drive-thru, allows customers to purchase products without leaving their cars. In 1926, City Center Bank, which became UMB Financial Corporation under R. Crosby Kemper opened what is considered the first drive-up window. In-n-Out Burger claims to have built the first drive-throughhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_Crosby_Kemper_Sr.
Yagi–Uda antenna1926 · Type of radio antenna (placed at Toyama Prefecture (where Shintaro Uda was born))Invented or discovered by: Shintaro Uda, Hidetsugu Yagi. Discovered or invented: 1926. 1926: The Yagi-Uda Antenna or simply Yagi Antenna is invented by Shintaro Uda of Tohoku Imperial University , assisted by his colleague Hidetsugu Yagi . The Yagi Antenna was widely used during World War II . Afterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagi%E2%80%93Uda_antenna
Edwin Perkins (inventor)1927 · American inventor (placed at Lewis)Kool-Aid is a powdered drink mix that comes in an assortment of different flavors. "Kool-Ade" was invented in 1927 by Edwin Perkins in Hastings, Nebraska. Perkins devised a method of removing the liquid from a drink called "Fruit Smack" so the remaining powder could be re-packaged in envelopes, whichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Perkins_%28inventor%29
Harold Stephen Black1927 · American electrical engineer (placed at Leominster)A negative feedback amplifier, or more commonly simply a feedback amplifier, is an amplifier which uses negative feedback to improve performance and reduce sensitivity to parameter variations due to manufacturing or environmental uncertainties. It was invented by Harold Stephen Black in 1927.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Stephen_Black
Otto Frederick Rohwedder1927 · Inventor of sliced bread (1880–1960) (placed at Des Moines)Sliced bread is a loaf of bread which has been pre-sliced and packaged for commercial convenience. The automatic commercial bread slicer was invented in 1927 by Otto Frederick Rohwedder . His machine both sliced and wrapped a loaf of bread. In 1928, the bread slicer was improved by Gustav Papendick,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Frederick_Rohwedder
Frank Whittle1928 · British Royal Air Force engineer and air officer (1907–1996) (placed at Coventry)1928: Frank Whittle formally submitted his ideas for a turbo-jet engine. In October 1929, he developed his ideas further. On 16 January 1930, Whittle submitted his first patent (granted in 1932).https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Whittle
Jacob Schick1928 · American businessman (1877–1937) (placed at Ottumwa)The electric razor has a rotating, vibrating or oscillating blade to remove unwanted hair. The electric razor does not require the use of shaving cream, soap, or water. The razor is powered by a small DC motor, and usually has rechargeable batteries, though early ones were powered directly by house https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Schick
Lloyd Groff Copeman1928 · American inventor (placed at Michigan)An ice cube tray is a tray divided into compartments. It is designed to be filled with water, then placed in a freezer until the water freezes to ice, producing ice cubes. The first flexible ice cube tray was invented by Lloyd Groff Copeman in 1928.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_Groff_Copeman
Penicillin1928 · Group of antibiotics derived from fungi (placed at Lochfield (where Alexander Fleming was born))Invented or discovered by: Alexander Fleming. Discovered or invented: 1928. 1928: Penicillin is first observed to exude antibiotic substances by Nobel laureate Alexander Fleming . Development of medicinal penicillin is attributed to a team of medics and scientists including Howard Walter Florey , Erhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillin
Philip Drinker1928 · American inventor (1894–1972) (placed at Haverford)An iron lung is a large machine that enables a person to breathe when normal muscle control has been lost or the work of breathing exceeds the person's ability. It is a form of a medical ventilator. Philip Drinker invented the iron lung while working at Harvard University in 1928.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Drinker
Chlorofluorocarbon1929 · Class of organic compounds (placed at Ixelles (where Frédéric Swarts was born))Invented or discovered by: Frédéric Swarts. Discovered or invented: 1890. Freon is an odorless, colorless, nonflammable, and noncorrosive chlorofluorocarbon and hydrochlorofluorocarbon refrigerant, which is used in air conditioning, refrigeration and some automatic fire-fighting systems . Refrigerathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorofluorocarbon
Pat's King of Steaks1930 · Restaurant in PhiladelphiaA cheesesteak, or a Philly cheesesteak, is a long, crusty roll filled with thinly sliced sautéed ribeye beef and melted cheese. Generally, the cheese of choice is Cheez Whiz, but American and provolone are common substitutions. The art of cheesesteak preparation lies in the balance of flavors, textuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat%27s_King_of_Steaks
Samuel L. Kountz1930 · African-American kidney transplantation surgeon (placed at Lexa)Kountz, Samuel L. 1930–1981 Transplant surgeon, researcher Organ transplantation pioneer, particularly renal transplant research and surgery; author or co-author of 172 articles in scientific publicationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_L._Kountz
Scotch tape1930 · Invention · American brand of pressure sensitive tapes (placed at Saint Paul (where Richard Gurley Drew was born))Invented or discovered by: Richard Gurley Drew.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotch_tape
William Beebe1930 · American ornithologist, marine biologist, entomologist, and explorer (1877–1962) (placed at New York City)A bathysphere is a pressurized metal sphere that allows people to go deep in the ocean, to depths at which diving unaided is impossible. This hollow cast iron sphere with very thick walls is lowered and raised from a ship using a steel cable. The bathysphere was invented by William Beebe and Otis Bahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Beebe
Electron microscope1931 · Type of microscope with electrons as a source of illumination (placed at Heidelberg (where Ernst Ruska was born))Invented or discovered by: Ernst Ruska, Max Knoll. Discovered or invented: 1931. 1931: The electron microscope is invented by Ernst Ruska .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_microscope
Harold Edgerton1931 · American engineer and inventor (1903-1990) (placed at Fremont)The strobe light, commonly called a strobe, is a device used to produce regular flashes of light. Modern uses of strobe lights serve a purpose for safety warning, and motion detection. Strobes can be found atop most police cars, ambulances, and fire trucks. The origin of strobe lighting dates to 193https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Edgerton
Steven Kistler1931 · American chemical engineer (1900–1975) (placed at Cedarville)Aerogel is a low-density solid-state material derived from gel in which the liquid component of the gel has been replaced with gas. The result is an extremely low-density solid with several remarkable properties, most notably its effectiveness as a thermal insulator. It was first invented by Samuel https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Kistler
Annie Easley1933 · American mathematician and rocket scientist (placed at Birmingham)Easley, Annie 1933–2011 Computer scientist Work at the Lewis Research Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronauticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Easley
Willie Hobbs Moore1934 · American physicist (placed at Atlantic City)Moore, Willie Hobbs 1934–1994 Physicist First African-American woman to earn a PhD in physics (University of Michigan Ann Arbor 1972) on vibrational analysis of secondary chlorideshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Hobbs_Moore
Arnold Beckman1935 · American chemist and inventor (placed at Cullom)A pH meter is an electronic instrument used to measure the pH (acidity or alkalinity) of a liquid. While electrodes were used to measure pH in the 1920s, in 1935 Arnold Orville Beckman invented the complete pH meter.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Beckman
Carl Magee1935 · American lawyer and publisher (1873–1946) (placed at Iowa)A parking meter is a device used to collect money in exchange for the right to park a vehicle in a particular place for a limited amount of time. The parking meter was invented by Carl C. Magee of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in 1935. Magee also holds the patent for a "coin controlled parking meter", fihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Magee
Charles Richter1935 · Seismologist and physicist (1900–1985) (placed at Overpeck)The Richter magnitude scale, or local magnitude M L scale, assigns a number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released by an earthquake. It is a base-10 logarithmic scale obtained by calculating the logarithm of the combined horizontal amplitude of the largest displacement from zero on a Woodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richter
Games Slayter1936 · American engineer and inventor (placed at Argos)The technique of heating and drawing glass into fine fibers has been used for millennia. The use of these fibers for textile applications is more recent. The first commercial production of fiberglass was in 1936. In 1938, fiberglass was invented by Russell Games Slayter of Owens-Corning.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Games_Slayter
William M. Jackson (chemist)1936 · (placed at Birmingham)Jackson, William 1936– Laser chemist/photochemist, cometary astrochemist at Howard University and UC Davis Research to unravel the key photochemical sinks of important molecules in planetary atmospheres, in our and other solar systems, around stars, and the interstellar medium.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_M._Jackson_%28chemist%29
Z1 (computer)1936 · Mechanical computer built by Konrad Zuse in the 1930s (placed at Wilmersdorf (where Konrad Zuse was born))1938: Z1 , built by Konrad Zuse , is the first freely programmable computer in the world.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z1_%28computer%29
Edwin H. Land1937 · American scientist, inventor, and entrepreneur (1909–1991) (placed at Bridgeport)Polarized sunglasses are protective eyewear which incorporate oscillated lenses shifting the sun's rays in the opposite direction. Polarized sunglasses were invented in 1937 by Edwin Land .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_H._Land
Niels Christensen1937 · (placed at Kingdom of Denmark)An O-ring, also known as a toric joint, is a mechanical gasket in the shape of a torus containing a loop of elastomer with a disc-shaped cross-section. It is designed to be seated in a groove and compressed during assembly between two or more parts, creating a seal at the interface. The O-ring was ihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Christensen
S. Donald Stookey1937 · American inventor and materials scientist (1915–2014) (placed at Sheridan County)Photosensitive glass is a clear glass in which microscopic metallic particles can be formed into a picture or image by exposure to short wave radiations such as ultraviolet light. Photosensitive glass was invented in November 1937 by S. Donald Stookey of Corning Glass Works.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._Donald_Stookey
Sylvan Goldman1937 · American businessman and inventor (placed at Ardmore)A shopping cart is a metal or plastic basket on wheels supplied by a shop, especially a supermarket, for use by customers inside the shop for transport of merchandise to the check-out counter during shopping. Often, customers are allowed to leave the carts in the parking lot, and store personnel rethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvan_Goldman
Experimental analysis of behavior1938 · Science that studies individual behavior of different species (placed at Susquehanna Depot (where B.F. Skinner was born))Invented or discovered by: B.F. Skinner. Also known as a Skinner box, an operant conditioning chamber is a laboratory apparatus used in the experimental analysis of behavior to study animal behavior. The operant conditioning chamber was invented in 1938 by B. F. Skinner .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_analysis_of_behavior
Wallace Carothers1938 · American chemist and inventor (1896–1937) (placed at Burlington)In 1938, a team of researchers working under Wallace H. Carothers at E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company invented a plastic that can be drawn into strong, silk-like fibers. Nylon soon became popular as a fabric for hosiery as well as industrial applications such as cordage.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Carothers
Clinton Riggs1939 · American law enforcement innovator and educator (placed at Fairview)In road transport, a yield sign or give way sign indicates that a vehicle driver must prepare to stop if necessary to let a driver on another approach proceed. However, there is no need to stop if his way is clear. A driver who stops has yielded his right of way to another. The yield sign, but not thttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinton_Riggs
Ida Stephens Owens1939 · American scientist (1939–2020) (placed at Whiteville)Owens, Ida Stephens 1939–2020 Physiology and Biochemistry Researched drug-detoxifying enzymes. One of the first two African Americans to receive a doctorate from Duke University .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ida_Stephens_Owens
Plutonium1940 · Chemical element with atomic number 94 (Pu) (placed at Ishpeming (where Glenn Theodore Seaborg was born))Invented or discovered by: Glenn Theodore Seaborg, Edwin McMillan, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy. Discovered or invented: 1941. 1940: Pu-239 isotope (isotope of plutonium ) a form of matter existing with the capacity for use as a destructive element (because the isotope has an exponentially increashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium
Victor Vacquier1940 · American geophysicist (1907–2009) (placed at Saint Petersburg)A fluxgate magnetometer measures the direction and magnitude of magnetic fields. Fluxgate magnetometer sensors are manufactured in several geometries and recently have made significant improvements in noise performance, crossfield tolerance and power utilization. The fluxgate magnetometer was inventhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Vacquier
Jules Montenier1941 · American inventor and cosmetic chemist (1895–1962) (placed at Neuchâtel)Deodorants are substances applied to the body to reduce body odor caused by the bacterial breakdown of perspiration. Jules Montenier holds a number of patents. Arguably, his January 28, 1941, patent for Astringent Preparation is his most famous which dealt with solving the problem of the excessive ahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Montenier
Lee Stiff1941 · American mathematician (placed at Murfreesboro)Stiff, Lee 1941– Mathematician President of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics from 2000 to 2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Stiff
Lyle Goodhue1941 · American inventor (1903–1981) (placed at Jasper County)An aerosol bomb is a hand-held container or dispenser from which an aerosol is released. It was developed in 1941 by Lyle D. Goodhue and William N. Sullivan and patented in 1943.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyle_Goodhue
Enrico Fermi1942 · Italian-American physicist (1901–1954) (placed at Rome)1942 : Enrico Fermi developed the nuclear reactor and created the first controlled nuclear chain reactionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Fermi
V-2 rocket1942 · German long-range ballistic missile (placed at Berlin (Mittelwerk headquarters))1942: The V-2 rocket , the world's first long range ballistic missile , developed by engineer Wernher von Braun .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-2_rocket
Richard T. James1943 · American naval engineer and inventor of the Slinky helical spring (1918–1974) (placed at Philadelphia)A Slinky or "Lazy Spring" is a toy consisting of a helical spring that stretches and can bounce up and down. It can perform a number of tricks, including traveling down a flight of steps end-over-end as it stretches and re-forms itself with the aid of gravity and its own momentum. The Slinky was invhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_T._James
Percy Spencer1945 · American electrical engineer and inventor of the microwave oven (1894–1970) (placed at Howland)A microwave oven cooks or heats food by dielectric heating. Cooking food with microwaves was discovered by Percy Spencer on October 8, 1945, while building magnetrons for radar sets at Raytheon. Spencer was working on an active radar set when he noticed a strange sensation, and saw that a peanut canhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Spencer
Ralph Teetor1945 · American inventor (1890–1982) (placed at Hagerstown)Cruise control automatically controls the rate of motion of a motor vehicle. The driver sets the speed and the system will take over the throttle of the car to maintain the same speed. Cruise control was invented in 1945 by a blind inventor and mechanical engineer named Ralph Teetor . His idea was bhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Teetor
James Martin (engineer)1946 · Northern Irish aerospace engineer and co-founder of Martin-Baker (1893–1981) (placed at Crossgar)1946: James Martin invents the ejector seat , inspired by the death of his friend and test pilot Captain Valentine Baker in an aeroplane crash in 1942.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Martin_%28engineer%29
Robert R. Wilson1946 · American physicist (1914–2000) (placed at Wyoming)Proton therapy utilizes a beam of protons to irradiate diseased tissue, most often in the treatment of cancer. The first suggestion that energetic protons could be an effective treatment method was made by Robert R. Wilson in a paper published in 1946 while he was involved in the design of the Harvahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_R._Wilson
Shirley Ann Jackson1946 · American physicist (born 1946) (placed at Washington, D.C.)Jackson, Shirley 1946– Physicist Distinguished and pioneering scientific career, achieving several "firsts" as a woman and as an African-Americanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson
Volleyball1947 · Invention · Team sport (placed at Lockport (where William G. Morgan was born))Invented or discovered by: William G. Morgan. Discovered or invented: 1895.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volleyball
William Higinbotham1948 · American physicist (1910–1994) (placed at Bridgeport)A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. In 1948, ten years before William Higinbotham's Tennis for Two was developed, Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle R. Mann co-patented the “Cathode-Ray Tube Amusement Devicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Higinbotham
Frank Zamboni1949 · American inventor and engineer (1901–1988) (placed at Eureka)An ice resurfacer is a truck-like vehicle used to clean and smooth the surface of an ice rink. Frank J. Zamboni of Paramount, California invented the first ice resurfacer, which he called a Zamboni, in 1949.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Zamboni
Gilmore Schjeldahl1949 · American businessman and inventor (placed at Esmond)An airsickness bag, also known as a barf bag, airsick bag, sick bag, or motion sickness bag, is a small bag commonly provided to passengers onboard airplanes and boats to collect and contain vomit in the event of motion sickness. The airsickness bag was invented by Gilmore Schjeldahl in 1949 for Norhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilmore_Schjeldahl
Norman Holter1949 · American biophysicist (1914–1983) (placed at Helena)A Holter monitor is a portable device for continuously monitoring the electrical activity of the heart for 24 hours or more. The holter monitor was invented by Norman Holter in 1949.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Holter
Walter Frederick Morrison1949 · American inventor (1920-2010) (placed at Richfield)Flying discs are disc-shaped objects thrown and caught for recreation, which are generally plastic and roughly 20 to 25 centimeters (8–10 inches) in diameter, with a lip. The shape of the disc, an airfoil in cross-section, allows it to fly by generating lift as it moves through the air while rotatinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Frederick_Morrison
Willard Libby1949 · American physical chemist (1908–1980) (placed at Grand Valley)Radiocarbon dating is a dating method that uses the naturally occurring radioisotope carbon-14 (14C) to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to about 60,000 years. In 1949, Willard F. Libby invented the procedure for carbon-14 dating.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willard_Libby
Worta McCaskill-Stevens1949 · American physician-scientist (1949–2023) (placed at Louisburg)McCaskill-Stevens, Worta 1949–2023 Physician-scientist and oncologist Specialized in cancer disparities research, management of comorbidities within clinical trials, and molecular research for cancer prevention interventionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worta_McCaskill-Stevens
Ronald McNair1950 · American astronaut and physicist (1950–1986) (placed at Lake City)McNair, Ronald 1950–1986 Astronaut and Physicist Employed by Hughes Research Laboratories as a research scientist and specialized in chemical and high-pressure laser physics prior to becoming an astronauthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_McNair
Tokamak1950 · Magnetic confinement device used to produce thermonuclear fusion power (placed at Vladivostok (where Igor Tamm was born))Invented or discovered by: Igor Tamm, Andrei Sakharov, Oleg Lavrentiev. 1950: The Toroidal chamber with axial magnetic fields (the Tokamak ) is developed by Igor E. Tamm and Andrei D. Sakharov .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak
Ben Carson1951 · American neurosurgeon and government official (born 1951) (placed at Detroit)Carson, Ben 1951– Pediatric neurosurgeon Pediatric neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins University ; first surgeon to successfully separate craniopagus twinshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Carson
Bette Nesmith Graham1951 · American typist and inventor of Liquid Paper (1924–1980) (placed at Dallas)Correction fluid is an opaque, white fluid applied to paper to mask errors in text. It was very important when material was typed with a typewriter, but has become less so since the advent of the word processor. Correction fluid was invented by Bette Nesmith Graham in 1951 and originally called by thttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bette_Nesmith_Graham
Jonas Salk1952 · American inventor of the polio vaccine (1914–1995) (placed at New York City)Vaccination works by priming the immune system with an 'immunogen'. Stimulating immune response, via use of an infectious agent, is known as immunization. The development of immunity to polio efficiently blocks person-to-person transmission of wild poliovirus, thereby protecting both individual vacchttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Salk
Charles H. Townes1953 · American physicist (1915–2015) (placed at Greenville)A maser is produces coherent electromagnetic waves through amplification due to stimulated emission. Historically the term came from the acronym "Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation". Charles H. Townes , J. P. Gordon, and H. J. Zeiger built the first maser at Columbia Univershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_H._Townes
Virginia Apgar1953 · American physician and obstetrical anesthesiologist (1909–1974) (placed at Westfield)The Apgar scale is used to determine the physical status of an infant at birth. The Apgar scale is administered to a newborn at one minute after birth and five minutes after birth. It scores the baby's heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, reflex response, and color. This test quickly alerts medicalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Apgar
Edward O. Thorp1955 · American mathematician (placed at Chicago)Wearable computers are computers which can be worn on the body. Wearable computers are especially useful for applications that require computational support while the user's hands, voice, eyes or attention are actively engaged with the physical environment. The wearable computer was first conceived https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_O._Thorp
Hovercraft1955 · Air cushion vehicle (placed at Cambridge (where Christopher Cockerell was born))Invented or discovered by: Christopher Cockerell. Discovered or invented: 1955. 1955: The hovercraft is patented by Christopher Cockerell .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovercraft
William Holmes Crosby Jr.1955 · American physician (1914–2005) (placed at Washington, D.C.)A Crosby-Kugler capsule is a device used for obtaining biopsies of small bowel mucosa, necessary for the diagnosis of various small bowel diseases. It was invented by Dr. William Holmes Crosby, Jr. in 1955.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Holmes_Crosby_Jr.
Charles Ginsburg1956 · American engineer (1920–1992) (placed at San Francisco)Videotape is a means of recording images and sound onto magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. The first practical professional videotape machines were the Quadruplex machines introduced by Ampex on April 14, 1956. Invented by Charles Ginsburg and Ray Dolby , Quad employed a transverse four-head syhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Ginsburg
Reynold B. Johnson1956 · American inventor and computer pioneer (placed at Dassel)A hard disk drive, or hard drive, hard disk, or fixed disk drive, is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. The hard disk drive was invented by Reynold Johnson and commercially introduced in 1956 with the IBM 305 RAMAC chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynold_B._Johnson
Dudley Buck1957 · American composer and organist (1839–1909) (placed at Hartford)The cryotron is a switch that operates using superconductivity. The cryotron works on the principle that magnetic fields destroy superconductivity. The cryotron was invented by Dudley Buck in 1957.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudley_Buck
John McCarthy (computer scientist)1958 · American scientist (1927–2011) (placed at Boston)Lisp is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized syntax. Originally specified in 1958, Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language in widespread use today where Fortran is the oldest. It was invented by John McCarthy in 1958.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCarthy_%28computer_scientist%29
Rod Adkins1958 · American businessperson (born 1958) (placed at Louisville)Adkins, Rodney 1958– Electrical engineer First African-American to serve as a senior vice president at IBM, helped develop IBM ThinkPadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod_Adkins
WD-401958 · Invention · Lubricating oil and water displacement spray (placed at Chicago (where Norm Larsen was born))Invented or discovered by: Norm Larsen.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WD-40
MOSFET1959 · Type of field-effect transistor (placed at Port Said (where Martin “John” M. Atalla was born))Invented or discovered by: Martin “John” M. Atalla, Dawon Kahng. 1959: The MOSFET (MOS transistor) is invented by the Egyptian Mohamed Atalla and the Korean Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs. It is used in almost all modern electronic products . It was smaller, faster, more reliable and cheaper to manufacturhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOSFET
John R. Pierce1962 · American electrical engineer, scientist, and author (placed at Des Moines)A communications satellite is an artificial satellite stationed in space for the purposes of telecommunications. Modern communications satellites use a variety of orbits. For fixed point-to-point services, communications satellites provide a microwave radio relay technology complementary to that of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_R._Pierce
Harold Rosen (electrical engineer)1963 · American electrical engineer (placed at New Orleans)A geosynchronous satellite is a satellite whose orbital track on the Earth repeats regularly over points on the Earth over time. The world's first geosynchronous satellite, the Syncom II which was launched on a Delta rocket at NASA in 1963, was invented by Harold Rosen .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Rosen_%28electrical_engineer%29
Samuel T. Cohen1963 · American physicist (1921–2010) (placed at Brooklyn)A neutron bomb, technically referred to as an enhanced radiation weapon, is a type of tactical nuclear weapon formerly built mainly by the United States specifically to release a large portion of its energy as energetic neutron radiation. Samuel Cohen is credited with the conception of the neutron bhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_T._Cohen
Bill Lear1964 · American businessman and inventor (placed at Hannibal)Stereo 8, commonly known as the eight-track cartridge or eight-track, is a magnetic tape sound recording technology. In 1964, William Lear invented the eight-track, which went on to become the most popular musical medium from the mid-1960s to the early 1980s.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Lear
C. Kumar N. Patel1964 · Indian-American electrical engineer (placed at Baramati)The carbon dioxide laser was one of the earliest gas lasers to be developed and is still one of the most useful. The carbon dioxide laser was invented by C. Kumar N. Patel of Bell Labs in 1964.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._Kumar_N._Patel
Donald Bitzer1964 · American electrical engineer and computer scientist (1934–2024) (placed at East St. Louis)A plasma display panel is a flat panel display common to large TV displays. Many tiny cells between two panels of glass hold an inert mixture of noble gases. The gas in the cells is electrically turned into a plasma which then excites phosphors to emit light. The monochrome plasma video display was https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Bitzer
George H. Heilmeier1964 · American engineer and businessman (1936-2014) (placed at Philadelphia)A liquid crystal display (LCD) is an electronically modulated optical device shaped into a thin, flat panel made up of any number of color or monochrome pixels filled with liquid crystals and arrayed in front of a light source or reflector. In 1964, George H. Heilmeier invented the dynamic scatterinhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._Heilmeier
Kwabena Boahen1964 · Ghanaian professor of engineering (born 1964) (placed at Ghana)Boahen, Kwabena 1964– Bioengineer Silicon retina able to process images in the same manner as a living retinahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwabena_Boahen
Ruth R. Benerito1964 · American scientist and inventor (1916–2013) (placed at New Orleans)A permanent press is a characteristic of fabric that has been chemically processed to resist wrinkles and hold its shape. This treatment has a lasting effect on the fabric, namely in shirts, trousers, and slacks. Permanent press was invented in 1964 by Ruth Rogan Benerito , research leader of the Phhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_R._Benerito
George Sweigert1965 · American inventor & scientist (1920–1999) (placed at Akron)A cordless telephone is a telephone with a wireless handset that communicates via radio waves with a base station connected to a fixed telephone line, usually within a limited range of its base station. The base station is on the subscriber premises, and attaches to the telephone network the same wahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Sweigert
Wesley A. Clark1965 · American physicist and computer engineer (1927–2016) (placed at New Haven)A minicomputer is a class of multi-user computers that lies in the middle range of the computing spectrum, in between the largest multi-user systems and the smallest single-user systems. Wesley A. Clark and Charles Molnar co-invented the PDP-8 in 1965, the world's first minicomputer, using integratehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_A._Clark
Jack Kilby1967 · American electrical engineer (1923–2005) (placed at Jefferson City)Invented by Jack Kilby in 1967, the hand-held calculator is a device for performing mathematical calculations, distinguished from a computer by having a limited problem solving ability and an interface optimized for interactive calculation rather than programming. Calculators can be hardware or softhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Kilby
Gary Starkweather1969 · American inventor and engineer (1938–2019) (placed at Lansing)A laser printer is a common type of computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper. The laser printer was invented at Xerox in 1969 by researcher Gary Starkweather , who had an improved printer working by 1971 and incorporated into a fully functional networked phttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Starkweather
Gore-Tex1969 · Invention · Trademark for a waterproof, breathable fabric (placed at Meridian (where Bill Gore was born))Invented or discovered by: Bill Gore, Robert W. Gore.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gore-Tex
Internet1969 · Invention · Global system of connected computer networks (placed at New Haven (where Vint Cerf was born))Invented or discovered by: Vint Cerf, Bob Kahn.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet
Norman Abramson1970 · American engineer and computer scientist (1932–2020) (placed at Boston)A wireless local area network is the linking of two or more computers or devices using spread-spectrum or OFDM modulation technology based to enable communication between devices in a limited area. In 1970, the University of Hawaii, under the leadership of Norman Abramson , invented the world's firshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Abramson
Edward J. Hoffman1972 · American scientist (1942–2004) (placed at St. Louis)A PET scanner is a commonly used medical device which scans the whole human body for detecting diseases such as cancer. The PET scanner was invented in 1972 by Edward J. Hoffman and fellow scientist Michael Phelps.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_J._Hoffman
Stanley Norman Cohen1973 · American geneticist (born 1935) (placed at Perth Amboy)Recombinant DNA is a form of synthetic DNA that is engineered through the combination or insertion of one or more DNA strands, thereby combining DNA sequences that would not normally occur together. The Recombinant DNA technique was engineered by Stanley Norman Cohen and Herbert Boyer in 1973. They https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Norman_Cohen
John J. Mooney1975 · American chemical engineer (1930–2020) (placed at New Jersey)A catalytic converter provides an environment for a chemical reaction wherein toxic combustion by-products are converted to less-toxic substances. First used on cars in 1975 to lower emission standards, catalytic converters are also used on generator sets, forklifts, mining equipment, trucks, buses,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._Mooney
Steadicam1975 · Invention · Motion picture camera stabilizer mounts (placed at Long Branch (where Garrett Brown was born))Invented or discovered by: Garrett Brown.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadicam
Roland Fryer1977 · American economist (placed at Daytona Beach)Fryer, Roland G. Jr. 1977– Economist , social scientist , statistician Professor of economics at Harvard University and the youngest African American to receive tenure at Harvardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Fryer
Dan Bricklin1978 · American businessman and engineer (born 1951) (placed at Philadelphia)A spreadsheet is a computer application that simulates a paper worksheet. It displays multiple cells that together make up a grid consisting of rows and columns, each cell containing either alphanumeric text or numeric values. Dan Bricklin founded Software Arts, Inc., and began selling VisiCalc in 1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Bricklin
Microvision1979 · First handheld game console that used interchangeable ROM cartridges (placed at East Longmeadow (Milton Bradley Company headquarters))1979: The first handheld game console with interchangeable game cartridges, the Microvision is released.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microvision
John Dabiri1980 · American engineer and academic (born 1980) (placed at Toledo)Dabiri, John 1980– Biophysicist Expert on jellyfish hydrodynamics and designer of a vertical-axis wind farm adapted from schooling fishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dabiri