Experiments and harm

Places of record. 27 points on the WW9 Atlas, oldest first, each with its source.

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• Smallpox reaches Ayiti1518Record: first recorded smallpox epidemic in the Americas (Dec 1518). Outbreaks layer.
• Fort Pitt smallpox blankets1763Record: blankets from the smallpox hospital given to Delaware envoys; effect Disputed. P767.
• Philadelphia yellow fever (Jones and Allen)1793Record: Black nurses served, then were accused; their 1794 rebuttal. Outbreaks layer.
• Yellow fever defeats Leclerc (Cap)1802Record: yellow fever killed most of the French army sent to re-enslave Ayiti. Outbreaks layer.
• Mandan smallpox (Fort Clark)1837Record: Mandan fell from about 1,600 to about 125. Outbreaks layer.
• Kinshasa (HIV-1 origin, per the science)1920Record (official science): spillover about the 1920s; colonial-era spread OPEN. P767.
• West Anniston PCBs1929Record: Monsanto PCBs in a mostly Black neighborhood; about $700M settlements 2003. P769.
• Tuskegee study1932Record: 600 men watched, not treated, 1932–72; apology 1997. P767.
• Unit 731 (Pingfang)1936Record: Japan's germ warfare unit; US immunity deal 1948. Outbreaks layer.
• Vieques bombing range1941Record: Navy bombing incl. depleted uranium; health link Disputed. P769.
• Hanford1943Record: about 15,000 papered-Black workers, segregated housing. P766.
• Oak Ridge (Ebb Cade; segregated hutments)1945Record: first person injected with plutonium, without consent (1945). P766.
• Guatemala syphilis experiments1946Record: about 1,300 deliberately exposed; US apology 2010. P767.
• Holmesburg prison experiments1951Record: tests on mostly Black inmates, 1951–74; city apology 2022. Outbreaks layer.
• Norfolk Naval Supply Center fungus test1951Record: Army picked Aspergillus because most workers were Black (1977 hearings). P769.
• Minneapolis spraying1952Record: zinc cadmium sulfide; 'fog to hide the city' cover story. P769.
• Pruitt-Igoe spraying (St. Louis)1953Record: Army sprayed zinc cadmium sulfide over mostly Black public housing. P767.
• Savannah mosquito test (Big Buzz)1955Record: Army mosquito dispersal test. P767.
• Avon Park mosquito release (Drop Kick)1956Record: about 600,000 yellow fever mosquitoes (uninfected) released over the town. P767.
• Cincinnati whole-body radiation1960Record: 88 patients, 60% papered Black, Pentagon-funded; 21 died within a month. P766.
• Dugway sheep kill (Skull Valley)1968Record: about 6,000 sheep killed beside the Goshute reservation. P769.
• Sverdlovsk anthrax leak1979Record: Soviet military lab leak, about 66 dead; admitted 1992. Outbreaks layer.
• Roodeplaat / Project Coast (Pretoria)1983Record: apartheid bioweapons; tried an infertility 'vaccine' for Black women. P767.
• Brooklyn Bridge march for Ayiti1990Record: about 50,000 protest the FDA ban on Haitian blood donors. P767.
• Guantánamo HIV camp for Haitians1991Record: HIV-positive Haitian refugees held 1991–93 until a judge closed it. P767.
• Kennedy Krieger lead study (Baltimore)1993Record: Black families placed in lead-paint homes, 1993–95. Outbreaks layer.
• Ayiti cholera (Mirebalais, UN base)2010Record: UN peacekeepers brought cholera; about 10,000 died; UN apology 2016. Outbreaks layer.